The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP-3) is a Federal-State-industry partnership to assemble health care data for use in health services research and health policy analysis. The information presented here is based on data from the HCUP-3 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Release 2, which contains all discharge records from a 20-percent sample of U.S. community hospitals from 17 States. Unlike other commonly used databases, the HCUP-3 database includes all payers.
The NIS sample of hospitals is a stratified probability sample of community hospitals, with sampling probabilities proportional to the number of U.S. community hospitals in each stratum. Strata were defined based on five characteristics: region (Northeast, South, Midwest, West); location (urban, rural); teaching status; ownership/control (government, non-Federal; private, not-for-profit; private, investor-owned) and bed size (small, medium, large, varying by location and teaching status). The frame is limited to community hospitals, as defined by the American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals, from States participating in HCUP-3.
Sampling weights were used to obtain national estimates for the measures presented here--discharges, average length of stay, and average total charges. Comparisons between the NIS and the National Hospital Discharge Survey demonstrated that the number of discharges and lengths of stay were essentially the same when considered on a national or regional basis. Comparisons between the NIS and the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MEDPAR) data for enrollees not covered by health maintenance organizations demonstrated that the number of discharges was essentially the same.
MEAN LOS: Mean length of stay (LOS) is calculated by dividing the sum of inpatient days by the number of patients within the CCHPR category. Inpatient days are calculated by subtracting day of admission from day of discharge, so persons entering and leaving a hospital on the same day have a length of stay of zero. Only 0.1 percent of records in the HCUP-3 NIS had missing LOS. We used a hot-deck procedure to impute LOS for these cases, controlling for diagnosis-related group (DRG) and hospital characteristics (geographic region, ownership, urban/rural location, size, and teaching status).
MEAN TOTAL CHARGE: Mean total charge is calculated by dividing the sum of patient charges by the number of patients within the CCHPR category. Total charges represent the dollar amount charged for the hospitalization rather than the amount paid or the actual costs to provide the care. Physician payments are not included. Although capitation and negotiated discounts have made total charges an imprecise measure of reimbursements, charges still represent one of the only ways to approximate costs of hospital care. Only 2.9 percent of records had missing total charges with a majority of missing cases concentrated among three States (Kansas, California, and Washington). We used a hot-deck procedure to impute total charges for these cases, controlling for DRG, HMO payer status (important for California and Washington), a hospital characteristics (geographic region, ownership, urban/rural location, size, and teaching status).
For information about the HCUP-3 databases, contact:
Healthcare Cost and
Utilization Project (HCUP-3)
Phone: 866-290-HCUP (4287) toll-free
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DCCHPR categories Subject areas
1 - 10 1 Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 11 - 47 2 Neoplasms 48 - 58 3 Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases and Immunity Disorders 59 - 64 4 Diseases of the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs 65 - 75 5 Mental Disorders 76 - 95 6 Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs 96 - 121 7 Diseases of the Circulatory System 122 - 134 8 Diseases of the Respiratory System 135 - 155 9 Diseases of the Digestive System 156 - 175 10 Diseases of the Genitourinary System 176 - 196 11 Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Perperium 197 - 200 12 Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue 201 - 212 13 Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue 213 - 217 14 Congenital Anomalies 218 - 224 15 Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period 225 - 244 16 Injury and Poisoning 245 - 259 17 Other Conditions 260 18 External Causes of Injury and Poisoning (E Codes)
Statistics From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 1993 Hospital Inpatient Stays
DCCHPR— Total % of total Mean total Principal Diagnosis discharges discharges Mean LOS charges
Total 34,714,497 100.00 5.79 9,833
1 Tuberculosis 21,437 0.06 17.93 25,059 2 Septicemia 333,047 0.96 10.06 16,722 (except in labor) 3 Bacterial infection, 18,366 0.05 8.36 15,190 unspecified site 4 Mycoses 22,194 0.06 12.96 23,058 5 HIV infection 23,036 0.07 11.51 18,774 6 Hepatitis 24,666 0.07 6.08 10,298 7 Viral infections 132,535 0.38 4.45 6,557 8 Other infections, 17,511 0.05 7.65 12,379 including parasitic 9 Sexually transmitted 8,460 0.02 6.94 8,638 infections (not HIV or hepatitis) 10 Immunizations and 776 0.00 6.35 6,995 screening for infectious diseases 11 Cancer of head and 37,120 0.11 10.36 23,234 neck 12 Cancer of esophagus 13,935 0.04 14.29 29,674 13 Cancer of stomach 25,401 0.07 13.83 28,913 14 Cancer of colon 114,769 0.33 11.51 21,918 15 Cancer of rectum 49,489 0.14 11.12 21,581 and anus 16 Cancer of liver and 10,786 0.03 9.51 19,236 intrahepatic bile duct 17 Cancer of pancreas 31,049 0.09 12.11 22,548 18 Cancer of other GI 18,023 0.05 12.89 27,412 organs, peritoneum 19 Cancer of bronchus, 151,708 0.44 9.56 18,732 lung 20 Cancer, other 3,105 0.01 9.44 18,121 respiratory and intrathoracic 21 Cancer of bone and 15,067 0.04 8.88 22,830 connective tissue 22 Melanomas of skin 6,550 0.02 4.37 9,356 23 Other non-epithelial 7,991 0.02 5.53 11,461 cancer of skin 24 Cancer of breast 163,419 0.47 3.55 8,418 25 Cancer of uterus 37,421 0.11 5.67 11,183 26 Cancer of cervix 36,181 0.10 4.65 10,341 27 Cancer of ovary 25,393 0.07 9.42 19,856 28 Cancer of other 7,328 0.02 7.26 14,692 female genital organs 29 Cancer of prostate 133,355 0.38 5.85 11,910 30 Cancer of testis 3,162 0.01 6.80 18,693 31 Cancer of other 1,068 0.00 5.35 9,719 male genital organs 32 Cancer of bladder 63,243 0.18 5.91 12,016 33 Cancer of kidney 28,207 0.08 8.90 18,706 and renal pelvis 34 Cancer of other 3,105 0.01 8.80 18,487 urinary organs 35 Cancer of brain and 31,199 0.09 10.33 22,597 nervous system 36 Cancer of thyroid 15,652 0.05 3.03 7,751 37 Hodgkin's disease 7,592 0.02 10.34 30,268 38 Non-Hodgkin's 51,511 0.15 11.77 26,550 lymphoma 39 Leukemias 42,672 0.12 17.47 51,659 40 Multiple myeloma 16,224 0.05 12.02 20,790 41 Cancer, other primary 14,587 0.04 8.43 19,486 42 Secondary 276,227 0.80 9.62 16,583 malignancies 43 Malignant neoplasm 9,055 0.03 9.44 14,351 without specification of site 44 Neoplasms of 40,639 0.12 7.01 14,691 unspecified nature or uncertain behavior 45 Maintenance 427,365 1.23 3.64 8,579 chemotherapy, radiotherapy 46 Benign neoplasm of 195,928 0.56 3.62 7,991 uterus 47 Other benign 151,888 0.44 5.26 12,477 neoplasm 48 Thyroid disorders 36,684 0.11 3.65 7,410 49 Diabetes mellitus 11,196 0.03 5.62 4,697 without complication 50 Diabetes mellitus 373,672 1.08 7.39 10,273 with complications 51 Other endocrine 64,231 0.19 6.21 8,527 disorders 52 Nutritional 15,820 0.05 10.61 13,028 deficiencies 53 Hyperlipidemia 727 0.00 4.69 6,505 54 Gout and other 8,542 0.02 5.48 6,619 crystal arthropathies 55 Fluid and electrolyte 435,439 1.25 6.02 7,309 disorders 56 Cystic fibrosis 7,450 0.02 11.47 24,703 57 Immunity disorders 1,311 0.00 9.27 23,254 58 Other nutritional, 51,922 0.15 6.90 11,500 endocrine, and metabolic disorders 59 Anemia 101,966 0.29 5.72 10,021 60 Acute posthemorrhagic 9,796 0.03 5.03 7,638 anemia 61 Sickle cell anemia 73,718 0.21 6.25 8,190 62 Coagulation and 43,570 0.13 5.90 12,788 hemorrhagic disorders 63 Disease of white 42,371 0.12 6.42 12,284 blood cells 64 Other hematologic 7,635 0.02 7.95 15,995 conditions 65 Mental retardation 604 0.00 15.09 12,809 66 Alcohol-related 314,102 0.90 6.98 4,999 mental disorders 67 Substance-related 182,965 0.53 7.23 4,880 mental disorders 68 Senility and organic 113,164 0.33 13.48 10,269 mental disorders 69 Affective disorders 484,882 1.40 12.97 9,905 70 Schizophrenia and 224,416 0.65 16.89 12,111 related disorders 71 Other psychoses 58,311 0.17 11.66 9,483 72 Anxiety, somatoform, 69,702 0.20 10.01 7,382 dissociative, and personality disorders 73 Preadult disorders 18,180 0.05 15.13 10,334 74 Other mental conditions 143,875 0.41 7.77 6,060 75 Personal history of 430 0.00 4.70 4,125 mental disorder, mental and behavioral problems, observation and screening for mental condition 76 Meningitis (except 54,267 0.16 6.09 10,074 that caused by tuberculosis or sexually transmitted infections) 77 Encephalitis (except 11,607 0.03 13.28 24,650 that caused by tuberculosis or sexually transmitted diseases) 78 Other CNS infection 6,202 0.02 17.03 33,658 and poliomyelitis 79 Parkinson's disease 11,090 0.03 10.77 9,191 80 Multiple sclerosis 24,072 0.07 7.33 8,164 81 Other hereditary and 37,219 0.11 8.72 14,625 degenerative nervous system conditions 82 Paralysis 21,125 0.06 16.81 18,107 83 Epilepsy, convulsions 232,565 0.67 4.97 7,713 84 Headache, including 49,327 0.14 3.49 4,528 migraine 85 Coma, stupor, and 13,432 0.04 11.43 17,034 brain damage 86 Cataract 10,502 0.03 1.72 4,491 87 Retinal detachments, 40,116 0.12 1.86 5,515 defects, vascular occlusion, and retinopathy 88 Glaucoma 11,467 0.03 2.37 4,181 89 Blindness and vision 2,175 0.01 3.92 5,825 defects 90 Inflammation, 24,703 0.07 4.67 6,569 infection of eye (except that caused by tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases) 91 Other eye disorders 26,625 0.08 2.61 5,856 92 Otitis media and 35,705 0.10 2.95 4,740 related conditions 93 Conditions associated 64,851 0.19 3.36 4,401 with dizziness or vertigo 94 Other ear and sense 11,366 0.03 3.44 7,015 organ disorders 95 Other nervous system 97,850 0.28 7.18 12,665 disorders 96 Heart valve disorders 86,127 0.25 10.63 40,703 97 Peri-, endo-, and 83,788 0.24 9.09 18,558 myocarditis, cardiomyopathy (except that caused by tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases) 98 Essential hypertension 38,604 0.11 4.05 5,406 99 Hypertension with 207,368 0.60 7.25 12,951 complications and secondary hypertension 100 Acute myocardial 682,779 1.97 7.43 19,143 infarction 101 Coronary 1,408,161 4.06 5.13 15,977 atherosclerosis 102 Nonspecific chest 517,290 1.49 2.51 4,775 pain 103 Pulmonary heart 74,029 0.21 8.98 14,860 disease 104 Other and ill-defined 5,553 0.02 7.13 18,422 heart disease 105 Conduction disorders 62,224 0.18 4.93 17,009 106 Cardiac dysrhythmias 548,844 1.58 5.49 9,479 107 Cardiac arrest and 21,304 0.06 6.93 23,311 ventricular fibrillation 108 Congestive heart 946,410 2.73 7.42 11,159 failure, nonhypertensive 109 Acute cerebrovascular 555,061 1.60 9.80 14,367 disease 110 Occlusion or stenosis 102,178 0.29 4.95 12,400 of precerebral arteries 111 Other and ill-defined 21,198 0.06 7.17 13,611 cerebrovascular disease 112 Transient cerebral 175,276 0.50 4.71 6,318 ischemia 113 Late effects of 780 0.00 78.38 9,090 cerebrovascular disease 114 Peripheral and visceral 123,003 0.35 9.49 21,159 atherosclerosis 115 Aortic, peripheral, and 78,550 0.23 10.59 34,886 visceral artery aneurysms 116 Aortic and peripheral 72,252 0.21 9.32 21,803 arterial embolism or thrombosis 117 Other circulatory 92,356 0.27 5.50 10,082 disease 118 Phlebitis, throm- 166,656 0.48 7.46 8,249 bophlebitis and thromboembolism 119 Varicose veins of 19,674 0.06 8.01 9,310 lower extremity 120 Hemorrhoids 32,653 0.09 3.08 5,073 121 Other disease of veins 12,972 0.04 6.76 10,978 and lymphatics 122 Pneumonia (except 1,183,652 3.41 7.91 12,028 that caused by tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases) 123 Influenza 19,028 0.05 4.39 5,806 124 Acute and chronic 67,061 0.19 1.90 3,336 tonsillitis 125 Acute bronchitis 226,996 0.65 4.30 5,784 126 Other upper 128,078 0.37 3.04 4,450 respiratory infections 127 Chronic obstructive 461,107 1.33 7.24 10,521 pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis 128 Asthma 484,492 1.40 4.29 6,333 129 Aspiration pneumonitis, 111,880 0.32 11.81 18,793 food/vomitus 130 Pleurisy, pneumothorax, 95,296 0.27 8.28 13,693 pulmonary collapse 131 Respiratory failure, 141,767 0.41 11.53 27,140 insufficiency, arrest (adult) 132 Lung disease due 8,788 0.03 7.37 13,500 to external agents 133 Other lower 166,066 0.48 4.72 8,845 respiratory disease 134 Other upper 62,608 0.18 4.02 7,927 respiratory disease 135 Intestinal infection 140,951 0.41 4.52 5,912 136 Disorders of teeth 36,957 0.11 2.70 9,259 and jaw 137 Disease of mouth, 19,191 0.06 4.66 7,516 excluding dental 138 Esophageal disorders 127,614 0.37 4.94 8,550 139 Gastroduodenal ulcer 65,216 0.19 7.24 13,873 (except hemorrhage) 140 Gastritis and 164,183 0.47 4.74 6,869 duodenitis 141 Other disorders of 43,419 0.13 6.66 10,842 stomach and duodenum 142 Appendicitis and 217,242 0.63 4.32 8,975 other appendiceal conditions 143 Abdominal hernia 189,762 0.55 4.54 9,318 144 Regional enteritis and 60,105 0.17 8.52 13,831 ulcerative colitis 145 Intestinal obstruction 250,188 0.72 8.16 13,209 without hernia 146 Diverticulosis and 207,569 0.60 7.29 12,161 diverticulitis 147 Anal and rectal 45,290 0.13 4.91 8,419 conditions 148 Peritonitis and 19,716 0.06 11.20 22,247 intestinal abscess 149 Biliary tract disease 540,842 1.56 4.74 10,925 150 Liver disease, 53,388 0.15 8.63 16,101 alcohol-related 151 Other liver diseases 76,207 0.22 8.49 17,500 152 Pancreatic disorders 175,562 0.51 8.11 14,256 (not diabetes) 153 Gastrointestinal 327,198 0.94 7.37 10,711 hemorrhage 154 Noninfectious 189,735 0.55 3.51 4,250 gastroenteritis 155 Other gastrointestinal 132,731 0.38 7.48 13,473 disorders 156 Nephritis, nephrosis, 15,777 0.05 6.04 9,889 renal sclerosis 157 Acute and unspecified 65,309 0.19 10.27 17,210 renal failure 158 Chronic renal failure 35,193 0.10 7.99 17,039 159 Urinary tract 386,976 1.11 6.34 7,883 infections 160 Calculus of urinary 217,379 0.63 2.73 5,355 tract 161 Other disease of 43,311 0.12 5.79 10,718 kidney and ureters 162 Other disease of 37,832 0.11 4.77 8,506 bladder and urethra 163 Genitourinary symptoms 35,395 0.10 4.60 7,103 and ill-defined conditions 164 Hyperplasia of prostate 182,156 0.52 4.01 6,828 165 Inflammatory 25,526 0.07 5.01 6,538 conditions of male genital organs 166 Other male genital 24,650 0.07 2.59 8,232 disorders 167 Nonmalignant breast 39,895 0.11 2.30 6,943 conditions 168 Inflammatory disease 97,997 0.28 4.00 7,156 of female pelvic organs 169 Endometriosis 79,977 0.23 3.32 7,853 170 Prolapse of female 143,425 0.41 3.49 7,172 genital organs 171 Menstrual disorders 75,475 0.22 2.93 6,685 172 Ovarian cyst 77,965 0.22 2.96 6,245 173 Menopausal disorders 9,685 0.03 3.35 7,397 174 Female infertility 3,202 0.01 2.40 6,806 175 Other female genital 114,280 0.33 3.56 7,540 disorders 176 Contraceptive and 6,563 0.02 2.08 5,823 procreative management 177 Spontaneous abortion 45,638 0.13 1.20 3,352 178 Induced abortion 22,653 0.07 1.46 3,329 179 Postabortion 4,762 0.01 2.79 5,202 complications 180 Ectopic pregnancy 53,699 0.15 2.63 6,887 181 Other complications 351,710 1.01 2.67 3,810 of pregnancy 182 Hemorrhage during 66,214 0.19 3.95 5,476 pregnancy, abruptio placenta, placenta previa 183 Hypertension 156,747 0.45 3.51 5,545 complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium 184 Early or threatened 304,527 0.88 2.84 4,111 labor 185 Prolonged pregnancy 99,378 0.29 2.30 3,929 186 Diabetes or abnormal 87,293 0.25 2.84 3,923 glucose tolerance complicating pregnancy, childbirth, or the puerperium 187 Malposition, 155,877 0.45 3.25 5,450 malpresentation 188 Fetopelvic 162,005 0.47 3.19 5,596 disproportion, obstruction 189 Previous C-section 281,598 0.81 2.91 5,072 190 Fetal distress and 417,427 1.20 2.70 4,593 abnormal forces of labor 191 Polyhydramnios and 205,265 0.59 2.95 4,513 other problems of amniotic cavity 192 Umbilical cord 262,566 0.76 1.81 3,078 complication 193 Trauma to perineum 620,202 1.79 1.77 2,970 and vulva 194 Forceps delivery 109,783 0.32 1.91 3,279 195 Other complications of 347,564 1.00 2.29 3,908 birth, puerperium affecting management of the mother 196 Normal pregnancy 702,659 2.02 1.76 2,880 and/or delivery 197 Skin and subcutaneous 327,839 0.94 6.61 8,003 tissue infections 198 Other inflammatory 13,036 0.04 8.19 11,734 condition of skin 199 Chronic ulcer of skin 77,274 0.22 14.46 17,247 200 Other skin disorders 15,187 0.04 3.96 8,441 201 Infective arthritis and 67,218 0.19 12.33 18,338 osteomyelitis (except that caused by tuber- culosis and sexually transmitted disease) 202 Rheumatoid arthritis 31,273 0.09 6.39 13,584 and related disease 203 Osteoarthritis 340,860 0.98 7.19 19,219 204 Other non-traumatic 47,114 0.14 4.28 8,523 joint disorders 205 Spondylosis, inter- 535,756 1.54 4.63 9,367 vertebral disc disorders, other back problems 206 Osteoporosis 2,249 0.01 9.05 8,991 207 Pathological fracture 60,653 0.17 9.12 11,299 208 Acquired foot 13,312 0.04 2.34 6,730 deformities 209 Other acquired 30,421 0.09 6.48 16,884 deformities 210 Systemic lupus 19,871 0.06 7.70 13,224 erythematosus and connective tissue disorders 211 Other connective 105,775 0.30 4.20 7,470 tissue disease 212 Other bone disease 91,069 0.26 5.01 13,513 and musculoskeletal deformities 213 Cardiac and circulatory 48,135 0.14 8.69 35,913 congenital anomalies 214 Digestive congenital 20,668 0.06 7.51 17,567 anomalies 215 Genitourinary congenital 17,411 0.05 4.50 10,296 anomalies 216 Nervous system 8,648 0.02 8.85 21,642 congenital anomalies 217 Other congenital 55,336 0.16 5.16 14,328 anomalies 218 Liveborn 3,835,550 11.05 3.01 2,829 219 Short gestation, low 26,737 0.08 22.71 42,480 birth weight, and fetal growth retardation 220 Intrauterine hypoxia and 1,224 0.00 12.31 29,353 birth asphyxia 221 Respiratory distress 10,156 0.03 24.99 60,288 syndrome 222 Hemolytic jaundice 34,114 0.10 2.42 2,677 and perinatal jaundice 223 Birth trauma 961 0.00 6.90 14,847 224 Other perinatal 50,631 0.15 7.88 16,138 conditions 225 Joint disorders and 91,584 0.26 2.84 8,901 dislocations, trauma- related 226 Fracture of neck of 318,676 0.92 10.16 16,884 femur (hip) 227 Spinal cord injury 11,463 0.03 17.84 49,930 228 Skull and face fractures 62,139 0.18 4.18 11,785 229 Fracture of upper limb 151,078 0.44 3.84 8,395 230 Fracture of lower limb 278,679 0.80 6.40 12,244 231 Other fractures 169,396 0.49 7.24 11,613 232 Sprains and strains 129,857 0.37 2.82 5,911 233 Intracranial injury 171,494 0.49 7.44 18,329 234 Crushing injury or 101,090 0.29 7.87 24,660 internal injury 235 Open wounds of head, 65,354 0.19 2.88 7,824 neck, and trunk 236 Open wounds of 78,348 0.23 3.73 8,106 extremities 237 Complication of device, 398,391 1.15 7.23 18,572 implant or graft 238 Complications of 307,570 0.89 6.90 12,169 surgical procedures or medical care 239 Superficial injury, 58,177 0.17 3.64 4,969 contusion 240 Burns 48,091 0.14 11.78 29,943 241 Poisoning by 68,181 0.20 2.87 5,525 psychotropic agents 242 Poisoning by other 133,125 0.38 3.20 5,551 medications and drugs 243 Poisoning by non- 31,288 0.09 3.01 5,799 medicinal substances 244 Other injuries and 95,120 0.27 3.72 7,053 conditions due to external causes 245 Syncope 181,797 0.52 4.14 6,164 246 Fever of unknown origin 71,471 0.21 5.02 7,227 247 Lymphadenitis 24,965 0.07 3.50 5,471 248 Gangrene 21,365 0.06 14.34 21,176 249 Shock 9,360 0.03 6.56 18,480 250 Nausea and vomiting 30,675 0.09 3.88 5,206 251 Abdominal pain 162,440 0.47 3.10 4,645 252 Malaise and fatigue 10,483 0.03 5.72 5,773 253 Allergic reactions 21,375 0.06 3.43 4,495 254 Rehabilitation care, 236,503 0.68 19.07 18,773 fitting of prostheses, and adjustment of devices 255 Administrative/social 3,632 0.01 7.32 6,883 admission 256 Medical examination/ 23,228 0.07 2.45 3,157 evaluation 257 Other aftercare 52,111 0.15 8.68 8,108 258 Other screening for 867 0.00 5.19 8,000 suspected conditions (not mental disorders or infectious disease) 259 Residual codes, 38,288 0.11 4.44 7,578 unclassified 260 E Codes 25 0.00 6.61 10,369
No diagnosis 2,153 0.01 5.12 5,643 Invalid diagnosis 63,282 0.18 7.30 11,470
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