Sampling weights were used to obtain national estimates for the measures presented here—discharges, average length of stay, and average total charges. Comparisons between the NIS and the National Hospital Discharge Survey demonstrated that the number of discharges and lengths of stay were essentially the same when considered on a national or regional basis. Comparisons between the NIS and the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MEDPAR) data for enrollees not covered by health maintenance organizations demonstrated that the number of discharges was essentially the same.
MEAN LOS: Mean length of stay (LOS) is calculated by dividing the sum of inpatient days by the number of patients within the DRG category. Inpatient days are calculated by subtracting day of admission from day of discharge, so persons entering and leaving a hospital on the same day have a length of stay of zero. Only 0.1 percent of records in the HCUP-3 NIS had missing LOS. We used a hot-deck procedure to impute LOS for these cases, controlling for diagnosis-related group (DRG) and hospital characteristics (geographic region, ownership, urban/rural location, size, and teaching status).
MEAN TOTAL CHARGE: Mean total charge is calculated by dividing the sum of patient charges by the number of patients within the DRG category. Total charges represent the dollar amount charged for the hospitalization rather than the amount paid or the actual costs to provide the care. Physician payments are not included. Although capitation and negotiated discounts have made total charges an imprecise measure of reimbursements, charges still represent one of the only ways to approximate costs of hospital care. Only 2.9 percent of records had missing total charges with a majority of missing cases concentrated among three States (Kansas, California, and Washington). We used a hot-deck procedure to impute total charges for these cases, controlling for DRG, HMO payer status (important for California and Washington), a hospital characteristics (geographic region, ownership, urban/rural location, size, and teaching status).
CC (Complications, Comorbidities): Patients who are more seriously ill tend to require more hospital resources than patients who are less seriously ill, even though they are admitted to the hospital for the same reason. Recognizing this, the DRG grouper splits certain DRGs based on the presence of secondary diagnoses for specific complications or comorbidities (CC).
For information about the HCUP-3 databases, contact:
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP-3)
Phone: 866-290-HCUP
(4287) toll-free
E-mail: hcup@ahrq.gov
DRGs Subject areas
1 - 35 1 Diseases and Disorders of the Nervous System 36 - 48 2 Diseases and Disorders of the Eye 49 - 74 3 Diseases and Disorders of the Ear, Nose, Mouth, 168 - 169 and Throat 185 - 187 75 - 102 4 Diseases and Disorders of the Respiratory System 475 103 - 108 5 Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System 110 - 145 478 - 479 146 - 167 6 Diseases and Disorders of the Digestive System 170 - 184 188 - 190 191 - 208 7 Diseases and Disorders of the Hepatobiliary System and Pancreas 209 - 256 8 Diseases and Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System 471 and Connective Tissue 491 257 - 284 9 Diseases and Disorders of the Skin, Subcutaneous Tissue, and Breast 285 - 301 10 Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases and Disorders 302 - 333 11 Diseases and Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary Tract 334 - 352 12 Diseases and Disorders of the Male Reproductive System 353 - 369 13 Diseases and Disorders of the Female Reproductive System 370 - 384 14 Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium 385 - 391 15 Newborns and Other Neonates with Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period 392 - 399 16 Diseases and Disorders of the Blood and Blood Forming Organs and Immunological Disorders 400 - 414 17 Myeloproliferative Diseases and Disorders, and Poorly 473 Differentiated Neoplasms 492 415 - 423 18 Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (Systemic or Unspecified Sites) 424 - 432 19 Mental Diseases and Disorders 433 - 437 20 Alcohol/Drug Use and Alcohol/Drug Induced Organic Mental Disorders 439 - 455 21 Injuries, Poisonings, and Toxic Effects of Drugs 456 - 460 22 Burns 472 461 - 467 23 Factors Influencing Health Status and Other Contacts with Health Services 484 - 487 24 Multiple Significant Trauma 488 - 490 25 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections
Statistics from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 1993 Hospital Inpatient Stays
DRGs— Diagnosis-Related Groups, Total % of total Mean total Version 10 discharges discharges Mean LOS charges
Total 34,714,497 100.00 5.79 9,833
1 Craniotomy age > 17 88,249 0.25 12.14 32,337
except for trauma
2 Craniotomy for trauma 16,931 0.05 12.72 37,119
age >17
3 Craniotomy age 0-17 23,139 0.07 10.07 30,422
4 Spinal procedures 25,728 0.07 9.01 22,547
5 Extracranial vascular 84,156 0.24 5.28 14,026
procedures
6 Carpal tunnel release 2,019 0.01 2.47 5,790
7 Peripheral & cranial 15,130 0.04 13.70 22,421
nerve & other nervous
system procedures w/ CC
8 Peripheral & cranial 15,446 0.04 3.03 8,472
nerve & other nervous
system procedures w/o CC
9 Spinal disorders 8,225 0.02 11.90 14,318
& injuries
10 Nervous system neoplasms 47,824 0.14 8.84 11,844
w/ CC
11 Nervous system neoplasms 10,670 0.03 4.78 7,580
w/o CC
12 Degenerative nervous 45,969 0.13 13.90 12,717
system disorders
13 Multiple sclerosis & 26,717 0.08 7.07 7,734
cerebellar ataxia
14 Specific cerebro- 495,397 1.43 8.75 11,139
vascular disorders except
transient ischemic attack
15 Transient ischemic 198,870 0.57 4.73 6,237
attack & precerebral
occlusions
16 Nonspecific cerebro- 17,660 0.05 8.05 10,354
vascular disorders w/ CC
17 Nonspecific cerebro- 6,906 0.02 4.08 5,904
vascular disorders w/o CC
18 Cranial & peripheral 35,600 0.10 6.99 8,457
nerve disorders w/ CC
19 Cranial & peripheral 22,247 0.06 4.27 5,144
nerve disorders w/o CC
20 Nervous system infection 34,407 0.10 10.45 18,188
except viral meningitis
21 Viral meningitis 37,476 0.11 3.79 5,814
22 Hypertensive 6,063 0.02 5.29 7,729
encephalopathy
23 Nontraumatic stupor 10,524 0.03 5.01 7,214
& coma
24 Seizure & headache 127,898 0.37 5.93 8,402
age >17 w/ CC
25 Seizure & headache 92,563 0.27 3.36 4,598
age >17 w/o CC
26 Seizure & headache 68,572 0.20 3.06 5,136
age 0-17
27 Traumatic stupor & 22,055 0.06 6.50 12,847
coma, coma >1 hour
28 Traumatic stupor & 25,871 0.07 7.37 11,902
coma, coma <1 hour
age >17 w/ CC
29 Traumatic stupor & 20,838 0.06 4.00 6,611
coma, coma <1 hour
age >17 w/o CC
30 Traumatic stupor & 22,500 0.06 2.67 5,444
coma, coma <1 hour
age 0-17
31 concussion age >17 w/ CC 13,641 0.04 3.95 6,945
32 Concussion age >17 20,015 0.06 2.08 4,126
w/o CC
33 Concussion age 0-17 15,192 0.04 1.46 3,158
34 Other disorders of 34,015 0.10 9.23 11,608
nervous system w/ CC
35 Other disorders of 17,290 0.05 5.16 6,233
nervous system w/o CC
36 Retinal procedures 41,674 0.12 1.72 5,554
37 Orbital procedures 10,189 0.03 3.54 9,335
38 Primary iris procedures 957 0.00 2.36 4,131
39 Lens procedures w/ or w/o 10,375 0.03 1.70 4,812
vitrectomy
40 Extraocular procedures 6,810 0.02 2.91 6,286
except orbit age >17
41 Extraocular procedures 2,069 0.01 2.00 5,149
except orbit age 0-17
42 Intraocular procedures 33,477 0.10 2.30 5,692
except retina, iris & lens
43 Hyphema 2,833 0.01 3.56 2,843
44 Acute major eye 12,080 0.03 4.30 4,557
infections
45 Neurological eye disorders 7,289 0.02 4.04 5,940
46 Other disorders of 7,345 0.02 5.47 7,722
the eye age >17 w/ CC
47 Other disorders of 5,910 0.02 3.43 4,129
the eye age >17 w/o CC
48 Other disorders of 5,110 0.01 3.35 4,587
the eye age 0-17
49 Major head & neck 8,418 0.02 5.95 17,239
procedures
50 Sialoadenectomy 13,348 0.04 1.99 6,594
51 Salivary gland 1,461 0.00 2.59 6,578
procedures except
sialoadenectomy
52 Cleft lip & palate repair 7,117 0.02 2.00 6,537
53 Sinus & mastoid 22,569 0.07 2.68 7,573
procedures age >17
54 Sinus & mastoid 3,412 0.01 3.08 8,647
procedures age 0-17
55 Miscellaneous ear, nose, 17,180 0.05 2.47 7,656
mouth & throat procedures
56 Rhinoplasty 9,111 0.03 1.73 5,918
57 T&A procedures, except 8,600 0.02 2.79 5,587
tonsillectomy &/or
adenoidectomy only,
age >17
58 T&A procedures, except 11,220 0.03 1.86 4,234
tonsillectomy &/or
adenoidectomy only,
age 0-17
59 Tonsillectomy &/or 8,256 0.02 1.35 3,248
adenoidectomy only,
age >17
60 Tonsillectomy &/or 24,502 0.07 1.31 3,194
adenoidectomy only,
age 0-17
61 Myringotomy w/ tube 1,124 0.00 4.25 8,842
insertion age >17
62 Myringotomy w/ tube 4,467 0.01 2.97 6,882
insertion age 0-17
63 Other ear, nose, mouth 51,119 0.15 3.21 11,197
& throat OR procedures
64 Ear, nose, mouth & 9,229 0.03 8.30 12,244
throat malignancy
65 Dysequilibrium 61,763 0.18 3.32 4,145
66 Epistaxis 15,210 0.04 3.68 4,788
67 Epiglottitis 3,367 0.01 3.21 5,665
68 Otitis media & upper 36,055 0.10 4.21 5,398
respiratory infection
age >17 w/ CC
69 Otitis media & upper 25,602 0.07 3.01 3,553
respiratory infection
age >17 w/o CC
70 Otitis media & upper 70,307 0.20 2.95 3,528
respiratory infection
age 0-17
71 Laryngotracheitis 34,456 0.10 1.93 2,588
72 Nasal trauma & deformity 3,593 0.01 2.40 4,774
73 Other ear, nose, mouth 17,141 0.05 4.54 6,147
& throat diagnoses
age >17
74 Other ear, nose, mouth 10,009 0.03 3.47 5,904
& throat diagnoses
age 0-17
75 Major chest procedures 92,632 0.27 11.07 28,432
76 Other respiratory system 70,817 0.20 12.72 23,448
OR procedures w/ CC
77 Other respiratory system 9,421 0.03 4.93 10,116
OR procedures w/o CC
78 Pulmonary embolism 52,851 0.15 8.55 11,907
79 Respiratory infections 250,844 0.72 10.60 15,232
& inflammations
age >17 w/ CC
80 Respiratory infections 18,363 0.05 8.23 8,866
& inflammations
age >17 w/o CC
81 Respiratory infections 12,392 0.04 8.01 13,868
& inflammations age 0-17
82 Respiratory neoplasms 126,478 0.36 8.22 11,902
83 Major chest trauma w/ CC 17,983 0.05 5.57 8,901
84 Major chest trauma w/o CC 7,679 0.02 2.80 5,250
85 Pleural effusion w/ CC 28,512 0.08 7.69 10,956
86 Pleural effusion w/o CC 3,748 0.01 4.31 6,154
87 Pulmonary edema & 76,202 0.22 7.46 11,827
respiratory failure
88 Chronic obstructive 504,477 1.45 6.63 8,699
pulmonary disease
89 Simple pneumonia & 595,218 1.71 7.55 9,577
pleurisy age >17 w/ CC
90 Simple pneumonia & 110,024 0.32 4.85 5,514
pleurisy age >17 w/o CC
91 Simple pneumonia & 193,972 0.56 3.73 4,995
pleurisy age 0-17
92 Interstitial lung 19,737 0.06 8.02 11,358
disease w/ CC
93 Interstitial lung 4,141 0.01 4.65 6,736
disease w/o CC
94 Pneumothorax w/ CC 27,973 0.08 7.05 10,224
95 Pneumothorax w/o CC 19,041 0.05 4.07 5,171
96 Bronchitis & asthma 161,179 0.46 5.40 7,094
age >17 w/ CC
97 Bronchitis & asthma 149,163 0.43 3.68 4,806
age >17 w/o CC
98 Bronchitis & asthma 329,801 0.95 3.13 4,529
age 0-17
99 Respiratory signs & 56,294 0.16 3.89 6,436
symptoms w/ CC
100 Respiratory signs & 51,381 0.15 2.34 4,016
symptoms w/o CC
101 Other respiratory system 40,906 0.12 5.38 8,055
diagnoses w/ CC
102 Other respiratory system 17,678 0.05 2.88 4,909
diagnoses w/o CC
103 Heart transplant 2,179 0.01 42.00 179,522
104 Cardiac valve 43,920 0.13 16.62 72,058
procedures w/ cardiac
catheterization
105 Cardiac valve 42,637 0.12 12.38 54,818
procedures w/o cardiac
catheterization
106 Coronary bypass w/ 173,985 0.50 12.51 51,439
cardiac catheterization
107 Coronary bypass w/o 129,742 0.37 9.72 38,477
cardiac catheterization
108 Other cardiothoracic 26,241 0.08 12.58 57,205
procedures
109 No longer valid
110 Major cardiovascular 97,658 0.28 11.49 38,821
procedures w/ CC
111 Major cardiovascular 13,720 0.04 6.71 21,287
procedures w/o CC
112 Percutaneous cardio- 449,306 1.29 4.59 17,702
vascular procedures
113 Amputation for 53,083 0.15 17.68 27,771
circulatory system
disorders except upper
limb & toe
114 Upper limb & toe 13,590 0.04 10.76 14,720
amputation for circulatory
system disorders
115 Permanent cardiac 13,627 0.04 12.18 32,243
pacemaker implant w/
acute myocardial
infarction, heart failure
or shock
116 Permanent cardiac 112,358 0.32 5.99 21,787
pacemaker implant or
AICD lead or generator
procedures
117 Cardiac pacemaker 6,385 0.02 4.46 10,514
revision except device
replacement
118 Cardiac pacemaker 10,916 0.03 3.29 14,023
device replacement
119 Vein ligation & stripping 9,392 0.03 3.70 8,134
120 Other circulatory system 52,787 0.15 10.87 20,203
OR procedures
121 Circulatory disorders 251,712 0.73 7.93 14,122
w/ acute myocardial
infarction & cardio-
vascular complication,
discharged alive
122 Circulatory disorders 205,229 0.59 5.20 9,869
w/ acute myocardial
infarction w/o cardio-
vascular complication,
discharged alive
123 Circulatory disorders 66,939 0.19 4.77 13,430
w/ acute myocardial
infarction, expired
124 Circulatory disorders 256,495 0.74 4.95 11,137
except acute myocardial
infarction, w/ cardiac
catheterization &
complex diagnosis
125 Circulatory disorders 195,022 0.56 2.72 7,326
except acute myocardial
infarction, w/ cardiac
catheterization w/o
complex diagnosis
126 Acute & subacute 12,847 0.04 16.38 24,035
endocarditis
127 Heart failure & shock 943,275 2.72 6.83 9,254
128 Deep vein thrombo- 39,459 0.11 7.22 6,818
phlebitis
129 Cardiac arrest, 8,764 0.03 3.65 12,133
unexplained
130 Peripheral vascular 133,807 0.39 7.48 8,777
disorders w/ CC
131 Peripheral vascular 59,328 0.17 5.49 5,517
disorders w/o CC
132 Atherosclerosis w/ CC 36,797 0.11 5.30 6,643
133 Atherosclerosis w/o CC 10,708 0.03 3.75 5,192
134 Hypertension 71,271 0.21 4.08 5,328
135 Cardiac congenital & 12,226 0.04 5.95 8,446
valvular disorders age
>17 w/ CC
136 Cardiac congenital & 4,485 0.01 3.11 5,200
valvular disorders
age >17 w/o CC
137 Cardiac congenital & 5,264 0.02 6.02 14,550
valvular disorders
age 0-17
138 Cardiac arrhythmia & 309,232 0.89 6.01 6,882
conduction disorders
w/ CC
139 Cardiac arrhythmia & 143,110 0.41 2.79 4,120
conduction disorders
w/o CC
140 Angina pectoris 550,938 1.59 3.52 5,304
141 Syncope & collapse 121,194 0.35 4.65 6,245
w/ CC
142 Syncope & collapse 71,970 0.21 2.99 4,486
w/o CC
143 Chest pain 439,658 1.27 2.41 4,193
144 Other circulatory 127,120 0.37 6.36 11,248
system diagnoses w/ CC
145 Other circulatory 25,421 0.07 3.27 5,763
system diagnoses w/o CC
146 Rectal resection w/ CC 15,765 0.05 11.29 22,468
147 Rectal resection w/o CC 4,575 0.01 7.70 15,669
148 Major small & large 268,465 0.77 13.78 29,087
bowel procedures w/ CC
149 Major small & large 47,729 0.14 7.49 14,110
bowel procedures w/o CC
150 Peritoneal adhesiolysis 47,409 0.14 11.41 21,589
w/ CC
151 Peritoneal adhesiolysis 21,151 0.06 5.61 10,645
w/o CC
152 Minor small & large 11,315 0.03 8.98 15,963
bowel procedures w/ CC
153 Minor small & large 9,211 0.03 5.84 10,289
bowel procedures w/o CC
154 Stomach, esophageal & 70,329 0.20 15.62 37,420
duodenal procedures
age >17 w/ CC
155 Stomach, esophageal & 14,400 0.04 6.53 13,389
duodenal procedures
age >17 w/o CC
156 Stomach, esophageal & 13,106 0.04 7.65 16,507
duodenal procedures
age 0-17
157 Anal & stomal procedures 27,713 0.08 5.48 9,230
w/ CC
158 Anal & stomal procedures 38,100 0.11 2.47 4,680
w/o CC
159 Hernia procedures except 33,295 0.10 5.35 10,348
inguinal & femoral
age >17 w/ CC
160 Hernia procedures except 37,284 0.11 2.76 6,008
inguinal & femoral
age >17 w/o CC
161 Inguinal & femoral 26,221 0.08 4.34 8,431
hernia procedures
age >17 w/ CC
162 Inguinal & femoral 29,694 0.09 1.88 4,916
hernia procedures
age >17 w/o CC
163 Hernia procedures 11,044 0.03 2.83 8,255
age 0-17
164 Appendectomy w/ 26,063 0.08 8.78 17,063
complicated principal
diagnosis w/ CC
165 Appendectomy w/ 37,126 0.11 5.20 9,584
complicated principal
diagnosis w/o CC
166 Appendectomy w/o 27,635 0.08 4.62 9,498
complicated principal
diagnosis w/ CC
167 Appendectomy w/o 129,920 0.37 2.60 5,908
complicated principal
diagnosis w/o CC
168 Mouth procedures w/ CC 5,305 0.02 5.24 11,502
169 Mouth procedures w/o CC 5,923 0.02 2.61 7,155
170 Other digestive system 27,422 0.08 12.31 24,617
OR procedures w/ CC
171 Other digestive system 9,679 0.03 4.22 8,778
OR procedures w/o CC
172 Digestive malignancy 58,314 0.17 9.15 12,717
w/ CC
173 Digestive malignancy 6,313 0.02 5.15 6,883
w/o CC
174 Gastrointestinal 378,983 1.09 6.75 8,710
hemorrhage w/ CC
175 Gastrointestinal 61,509 0.18 3.31 4,652
hemorrhage w/o CC
176 Complicated peptic ulcer 26,873 0.08 6.38 9,232
177 Uncomplicated peptic 23,625 0.07 5.03 6,920
ulcer w/ CC
178 Uncomplicated peptic 16,427 0.05 3.36 4,734
ulcer w/o CC
179 Inflammatory bowel 44,680 0.13 6.82 8,928
disease
180 Gastrointestinal 125,131 0.36 6.48 8,237
obstruction w/ CC
181 Gastrointestinal 52,945 0.15 3.67 4,370
obstruction w/o CC
182 Esophagitis, gastro- 439,252 1.27 4.91 6,375
enteritis & miscellaneous
digestive disorders
age >17 w/ CC
183 Esophagitis, gastro- 265,033 0.76 2.99 4,091
enteritis & miscellaneous
digestive disorders
age >17 w/o CC
184 Esophagitis, gastro- 166,164 0.48 2.76 3,294
enteritis & miscellaneous
digestive disorders
age 0-17
185 Dental & oral disorders 19,913 0.06 3.84 6,791
except extractions &
restorations age >17
186 Dental & oral disorders 8,037 0.02 3.23 4,903
except extractions &
restorations age 0-17
187 Dental extractions & 4,957 0.01 3.37 6,790
restorations
188 Other digestive system 97,105 0.28 6.31 9,242
diagnoses age >17
w/ CC
189 Other digestive system 29,522 0.09 3.23 4,461
diagnoses age >17
w/o CC
190 Other digestive system 16,237 0.05 3.08 5,278
diagnoses age 0-17
Select for DRGs 191-492