Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Conditions and Procedures 2001 to 2012
Report #2012-02

 

 

Contact Information
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
540 Gaither Road
Rockville, MD 20850
http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov

For Technical Assistance with HCUP Products:

Email: hcup@ahrq.gov

or

Phone: 1-866-290-HCUP

 

Recommended Citation: Steiner C, Barrett M, Weiss A. HCUP Projections: Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Conditions and Procedures 2001 to 2012. HCUP Projections Report #2012-02. ONLINE July 10, 2012. U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available: http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/projections/2012-02.pdf

 

Table of Contents

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• Introduction


• Summary


• Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Conditions
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Coronary Artery Disease and Coronary Atherosclerosis
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Congestive Hearth Failure
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Stroke and Acute Cerebrovascular Disease
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Atrial Fibrillation
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Procedures
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty without Stents
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty with Stents
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Aortic Resection
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Carotid Endarterectomy
• Number of Discharges
• Average Total Hospital Cost
• Average Length of Stay
• In-Hospital Mortality Rate
• Appendix I: HCUP Data Partners
• Appendix II: Definitions for Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Conditions and Procedures
• Appendix III: Methods

Introduction

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are significant healthcare issues, affecting nearly 40 percent of Americans¹. Heart disease and stroke are the first and fourth leading causes of death in the United States, and these diseases are among the most common and costly reasons for hospital admissions.^2,3 The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases increases with age, with cardiovascular disease occurring in fewer than 20 percent of adults age 20-39 but more than 70 percent of adults age 60-79.¹ Gender differences in these diseases also exist, with increasing rates by age of first major cardiovascular events for both men and women, but with a 10-year lag in the rates among women.¹ The Affordable Care Act provides up to $100 million for community programs targeted at reducing chronic diseases, including heart disease and stroke, and another $40 million for statewide efforts focused on chronic diseases.⁴

Timely information on trends for cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions and procedures provides analysts and policy makers baseline information and can be used to help evaluate the impact of health improvement efforts. A novel initiative from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's (AHRQ) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) is used in this report to produce timely, current inpatient statistics on cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions and procedures.

The HCUP State Inpatient Databases (SID) from 2001 to 2010 include about 330 million inpatient discharges from 46 States. The list of statewide data organizations that contribute to HCUP is available in Appendix I. In this report we use the historical SID data with early 2011 data from 10 HCUP States to develop national quarterly projections of 2011 and 2012 inpatient statistics for:

• cardiovascular/cerebrovascular system conditions, overall
• five specific cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions
• cardiovascular/cerebrovascular system procedures, overall
• four specific cardiovascular/cerebrovascular procedures.

Statistics for each condition and procedure are reported in total and separately by adult age group (18-44 years, 45-64 years, and 65 years and older) and by gender. The cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions and procedures reported in this study are identified on an inpatient stay record. Appendix II includes specifications for the various cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions and procedures.

Four outcomes are projected for each cardiovascular/cerebrovascular condition and procedure: counts of inpatient discharges, average total hospital cost, average length of stay, and in-hospital mortality rate. Average total hospital costs reflect actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; the average costs do not include physician billing. No adjustment has been made to the costs to equate them to a constant year. However, a reference line is included that depicts the cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 adjusted for economy-wide inflation only. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero. Mortality is in-hospital only; post-hospital mortality is not included.

A detailed explanation of the projection methodology is included in Appendix III. More information on HCUP is available on the HCUP User Support Website (http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov).

Return to Introduction

Summary

The following table summarizes the change from 2001 annual estimates to 2012 projected annual estimates for cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions and procedures included in this report for each of the four outcomes. Detailed graphs showing historical data and projections by quarter follow for each measure and outcome. The data presented in the table is for all adults. Graphs following this summary also show data for three age groups and by gender. Up or down arrows indicate change of over 10 percent between annual weighted estimates from 2001 to 2012. Dashes indicate inconsistent or little change.

Measure	Projected Annual Total Discharges for All Adults 2012	Change from 2001 to 2012 Projection for All Adults
		Total Discharges	Average Total Hospital Cost	Average Length of Stay	In-Hospital Mortality Rate
Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Conditions	5,627,921	▼	▲	--	▼
AMI	576,637	--	▲	▼	▼
Coronary Artery Disease and Coronary Atherosclerosis	530,032	▼	▲	--	▼
CHF	927,991	--	▲	--	▼
Stroke and Acute Cerebrovascular Disease	570,531	--	▲	▼	▼
Atrial Fibrillation	459,882	▲	▲	--	▼
Cardiovascular Procedures	4,714,027	▲	▲	--	--
CABG	211,763	▼	▲	--	▼
PTCA without Stents	43,004	▼	▲	▲	▲
PTCA with Stents	509,081	▼	▲	--	▲
Aortic Resection	52,250	▲	▲	▼	▼
CEA	96,347	▼	▲	▼	▼

Return to Introduction

Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Conditions

Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions consist of a broad spectrum of circulatory conditions including, but not limited to, acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, coronary atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, stroke, and atrial fibrillation. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges with a cardiovascular/cerebrovascular principal diagnosis are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular discharges remained relatively stable between 2001 and 2004, at about 1.6 million discharges per quarter, and then gradually decreased beginning in 2005. Discharges are projected to be about 1.4 million discharges per quarter in 2011 and 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest discharges, at about 1 million discharges per quarter in 2001 and decreasing to 877,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest discharges, remaining relatively stable at about 506,000 discharges per quarter between 2001 and 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest discharges, at about 128,000 discharges per quarter in 2001 and decreasing to 110,000 discharges per quarter in 2010.
• The number of discharges was similar for males and females, remaining relatively stable at about 812,500 discharges per quarter between 2001 and 2004. Beginning in 2005, quarterly discharges began decreasing to about 733,500 discharges per quarter in 2010.

Number of Discharges for all Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	1,688,616	1,639,797	1,574,983	1,579,818
2002	1,646,981	1,642,716	1,613,040	1,599,431
2003	1,632,902	1,640,916	1,601,811	1,607,600
2004	1,662,711	1,628,813	1,620,022	1,618,230
2005	1,657,304	1,630,494	1,582,087	1,576,274
2006	1,660,906	1,624,824	1,573,517	1,580,168
2007	1,632,865	1,576,018	1,518,709	1,518,301
2008	1,590,105	1,549,408	1,501,333	1,498,318
2009	1,549,748	1,526,896	1,470,778	1,457,387
2010	1,525,055	1,485,798	1,432,968	1,424,016
2011 (projected)	1,492,739	1,452,016	1,404,980	1,401,880
2012 (projected)	1,457,251	1,420,935	1,376,482	1,373,253
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	130,919	508,488	1,049,209
2001	2	128,277	495,216	1,016,304
2001	3	130,318	484,308	960,357
2001	4	123,172	476,040	980,607
2002	1	127,446	501,782	1,017,753
2002	2	132,025	507,077	1,003,414
2002	3	141,879	510,377	960,784
2002	4	128,987	494,453	975,992
2003	1	131,620	509,622	991,660
2003	2	134,693	515,121	991,101
2003	3	137,800	510,481	953,530
2003	4	130,094	500,328	977,178
2004	1	136,270	523,939	1,002,502
2004	2	134,942	517,468	976,403
2004	3	139,893	526,345	953,446
2004	4	134,215	520,570	963,446
2005	1	132,675	527,592	997,037
2005	2	134,091	525,353	971,049
2005	3	137,982	521,605	922,500
2005	4	129,415	506,554	940,305
2006	1	132,750	537,104	991,052
2006	2	131,965	530,741	962,118
2006	3	134,086	521,401	918,031
2006	4	128,443	515,070	936,655
2007	1	130,050	533,444	969,370
2007	2	127,729	517,029	931,260
2007	3	128,036	506,541	884,131
2007	4	122,300	495,595	900,406
2008	1	121,884	513,561	954,661
2008	2	120,718	506,991	921,700
2008	3	123,720	501,675	875,938
2008	4	115,101	485,114	898,103
2009	1	117,541	502,795	929,413
2009	2	117,369	498,220	911,307
2009	3	118,190	488,283	864,305
2009	4	108,927	472,748	875,712
2010	1	113,627	497,229	914,240
2010	2	111,779	487,017	887,046
2010	3	111,451	474,869	846,694
2010	4	103,430	459,666	860,969
2011 (projected)	1	106,244	480,813	904,606
2011 (projected)	2	105,062	471,424	873,349
2011 (projected)	3	105,460	464,710	830,893
2011 (projected)	4	99,091	454,491	847,871
2012 (projected)	1	99,895	469,084	886,006
2012 (projected)	2	99,047	461,524	857,446
2012 (projected)	3	99,501	455,842	816,185
2012 (projected)	4	93,293	444,307	832,413
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	845,460	843,100
2001	2	816,611	823,135
2001	3	780,300	794,638
2001	4	787,760	792,018
2002	1	818,582	828,345
2002	2	816,524	826,163
2002	3	800,176	812,810
2002	4	802,637	796,745
2003	1	820,365	812,478
2003	2	823,893	816,990
2003	3	801,649	800,132
2003	4	809,047	798,519
2004	1	837,846	824,833
2004	2	817,570	811,142
2004	3	814,852	805,031
2004	4	822,980	795,100
2005	1	844,396	812,746
2005	2	829,636	800,720
2005	3	806,771	775,192
2005	4	808,750	767,423
2006	1	848,052	812,759
2006	2	831,246	793,487
2006	3	804,045	769,323
2006	4	812,263	767,750
2007	1	837,063	795,707
2007	2	804,411	771,556
2007	3	773,338	745,304
2007	4	776,395	741,750
2008	1	812,897	777,143
2008	2	794,148	755,229
2008	3	768,756	732,516
2008	4	768,047	730,247
2009	1	791,787	757,931
2009	2	780,369	746,498
2009	3	751,370	719,371
2009	4	746,473	710,876
2010	1	784,257	740,761
2010	2	764,555	721,205
2010	3	736,305	696,645
2010	4	732,112	691,874
2011 (projected)	1	768,880	724,011
2011 (projected)	2	748,372	704,220
2011 (projected)	3	723,949	681,289
2011 (projected)	4	724,834	676,956
2012 (projected)	1	754,651	703,787
2012 (projected)	2	734,705	686,209
2012 (projected)	3	711,528	665,262
2012 (projected)	4	711,430	660,802
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for discharges with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions increased over time, from about $9,500 in 2001 to $13,500 in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the average hospital cost projected to be about $15,000 at the end of 2012.
• The average hospital cost was similar for the two older age groups, increasing from about $9,500 in 2001 to $14,000 in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest average hospital cost, at about $8,000 in 2001 and increasing to $12,500 in 2010.
• The average hospital cost was about $2,500 higher for males than for females. Males had an average hospital cost that increased from about $10,000 in 2001 to $15,000 in 2010. Females had an average hospital cost that increased from about $8,500 in 2001 to $12,500 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $9,500 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $12,000 in 2010. By 2010, the average hospital cost exceeded the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$8,967	$9,095	$9,234	$9,754
2002	$9,622	$9,802	$9,996	$10,594
2003	$10,389	$10,422	$10,538	$10,994
2004	$10,863	$10,887	$10,882	$11,320
2005	$11,392	$11,479	$11,329	$11,735
2006	$11,798	$11,867	$11,866	$12,235
2007	$12,001	$12,042	$12,026	$12,458
2008	$12,582	$12,622	$12,718	$13,123
2009	$12,779	$12,792	$12,743	$13,192
2010	$13,400	$13,469	$13,527	$14,002
2011 (projected)	$13,885	$13,968	$14,023	$14,448
2011 (projected)	$14,374	$14,464	$14,536	$14,967
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age
Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$7,429	$9,244	$9,025
2001	2	$7,648	$9,418	$9,118
2001	3	$7,706	$9,553	$9,281
2001	4	$8,224	$10,065	$9,792
2002	1	$8,129	$9,910	$9,669
2002	2	$8,167	$10,087	$9,876
2002	3	$8,222	$10,252	$10,128
2002	4	$8,818	$10,924	$10,666
2003	1	$8,595	$10,692	$10,475
2003	2	$8,686	$10,759	$10,488
2003	3	$8,769	$10,863	$10,623
2003	4	$9,217	$11,380	$11,040
2004	1	$8,990	$11,157	$10,974
2004	2	$9,083	$11,243	$10,957
2004	3	$9,070	$11,168	$11,000
2004	4	$9,425	$11,683	$11,395
2005	1	$9,532	$11,717	$11,475
2005	2	$9,651	$11,799	$11,568
2005	3	$9,498	$11,695	$11,409
2005	4	$9,883	$12,187	$11,755
2006	1	$10,010	$12,190	$11,834
2006	2	$10,025	$12,330	$11,877
2006	3	$10,077	$12,253	$11,919
2006	4	$10,367	$12,727	$12,231
2007	1	$10,408	$12,440	$11,989
2007	2	$10,561	$12,488	$12,014
2007	3	$10,418	$12,414	$12,050
2007	4	$10,858	$12,969	$12,409
2008	1	$11,135	$13,159	$12,466
2008	2	$11,097	$13,208	$12,510
2008	3	$11,200	$13,303	$12,612
2008	4	$11,689	$13,797	$12,955
2009	1	$11,306	$13,433	$12,623
2009	2	$11,470	$13,386	$12,653
2009	3	$11,382	$13,326	$12,619
2009	4	$12,010	$13,961	$12,937
2010	1	$12,008	$14,133	$13,190
2010	2	$12,292	$14,210	$13,228
2010	3	$12,235	$14,285	$13,296
2010	4	$12,880	$14,895	$13,674
2011 (projected)	1	$12,734	$14,719	$13,601
2011 (projected)	2	$12,911	$14,788	$13,666
2011 (projected)	3	$12,935	$14,809	$13,738
2011 (projected)	4	$13,376	$15,326	$14,061
2012 (projected)	1	$13,373	$15,225	$14,027
2012 (projected)	2	$13,498	$15,325	$14,100
2012 (projected)	3	$13,577	$15,362	$14,182
2012 (projected)	4	$13,983	$15,881	$14,509
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$9,799	$8,129
2001	2	$9,997	$8,198
2001	3	$10,131	$8,351
2001	4	$10,690	$8,819
2002	1	$10,557	$8,696
2002	2	$10,781	$8,832
2002	3	$11,011	$8,996
2002	4	$11,651	$9,527
2003	1	$11,393	$9,372
2003	2	$11,460	$9,373
2003	3	$11,574	$9,498
2003	4	$12,047	$9,922
2004	1	$11,930	$9,776
2004	2	$11,984	$9,778
2004	3	$11,938	$9,809
2004	4	$12,426	$10,172
2005	1	$12,508	$10,229
2005	2	$12,649	$10,265
2005	3	$12,439	$10,170
2005	4	$12,868	$10,539
2006	1	$12,943	$10,597
2006	2	$13,013	$10,663
2006	3	$12,995	$10,683
2006	4	$13,374	$11,024
2007	1	$13,132	$10,806
2007	2	$13,198	$10,832
2007	3	$13,181	$10,823
2007	4	$13,596	$11,262
2008	1	$13,767	$11,340
2008	2	$13,815	$11,363
2008	3	$13,918	$11,454
2008	4	$14,310	$11,871
2009	1	$13,997	$11,505
2009	2	$13,976	$11,553
2009	3	$13,937	$11,490
2009	4	$14,431	$11,888
2010	1	$14,655	$12,066
2010	2	$14,735	$12,120
2010	3	$14,775	$12,204
2010	4	$15,280	$12,644
2011 (projected)	1	$15,130	$12,542
2011 (projected)	2	$15,212	$12,619
2011 (projected)	3	$15,278	$12,675
2011 (projected)	4	$15,682	$13,065
2012 (projected)	1	$15,605	$12,991
2012 (projected)	2	$15,707	$13,070
2012 (projected)	3	$15,793	$13,143
2012 (projected)	4	$16,198	$13,536
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions was relatively stable between 2001 and 2010 at 4.6 days. Length of stay is projected to remain at about this same level in 2011 and 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the longest length of stay at 5.2 days in 2001 and decreasing to 4.7 days in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next longest length of stay at 4.2 days and remaining relatively stable over time. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the shortest length of stay at 3.8 days and remaining relatively stable over time.
• Length of stay was similar for males and females at 4.6 days.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.8
2002	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.8
2003	4.9	4.7	4.6	4.8
2004	4.9	4.7	4.5	4.6
2005	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.5
2006	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.5
2007	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.5
2008	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.5
2009	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.5
2010	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.5
2011 (projected)	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.5
2012 (projected)	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.4
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	3.7	4.3	5.4
2001	2	3.7	4.3	5.2
2001	3	3.7	4.2	5.1
2001	4	3.8	4.3	5.2
2002	1	3.8	4.3	5.4
2002	2	3.7	4.2	5.2
2002	3	3.6	4.2	5.1
2002	4	3.8	4.3	5.2
2003	1	3.8	4.4	5.4
2003	2	3.7	4.2	5.1
2003	3	3.7	4.1	5.0
2003	4	3.8	4.2	5.1
2004	1	3.8	4.3	5.3
2004	2	3.7	4.2	5.0
2004	3	3.6	4.1	4.9
2004	4	3.7	4.2	5.0
2005	1	3.8	4.2	5.2
2005	2	3.7	4.1	5.0
2005	3	3.6	4.0	4.8
2005	4	3.7	4.1	4.9
2006	1	3.8	4.2	5.0
2006	2	3.7	4.1	4.9
2006	3	3.7	4.0	4.8
2006	4	3.7	4.1	4.9
2007	1	3.8	4.2	5.0
2007	2	3.8	4.1	4.8
2007	3	3.7	4.0	4.7
2007	4	3.8	4.1	4.8
2008	1	3.8	4.3	5.0
2008	2	3.7	4.1	4.8
2008	3	3.7	4.1	4.7
2008	4	3.8	4.2	4.8
2009	1	3.8	4.3	4.9
2009	2	3.8	4.1	4.7
2009	3	3.8	4.1	4.6
2009	4	3.9	4.2	4.7
2010	1	3.8	4.2	4.8
2010	2	3.8	4.2	4.6
2010	3	3.8	4.1	4.6
2010	4	3.9	4.3	4.7
2011 (projected)	1	3.9	4.3	4.8
2011 (projected)	2	3.8	4.2	4.6
2011 (projected)	3	3.8	4.2	4.5
2011 (projected)	4	3.9	4.3	4.6
2012 (projected)	1	3.9	4.3	4.7
2012 (projected)	2	3.9	4.2	4.6
2012 (projected)	3	3.9	4.2	4.5
2012 (projected)	4	3.9	4.3	4.6
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	4.8	5.0
2001	2	4.7	4.9
2001	3	4.7	4.8
2001	4	4.7	4.9
2002	1	4.9	5.0
2002	2	4.7	4.8
2002	3	4.6	4.8
2002	4	4.7	4.9
2003	1	4.8	5.0
2003	2	4.7	4.8
2003	3	4.5	4.7
2003	4	4.7	4.9
2004	1	4.8	5.0
2004	2	4.6	4.7
2004	3	4.4	4.6
2004	4	4.6	4.7
2005	1	4.7	4.9
2005	2	4.5	4.7
2005	3	4.3	4.5
2005	4	4.5	4.6
2006	1	4.5	4.7
2006	2	4.4	4.6
2006	3	4.3	4.5
2006	4	4.5	4.6
2007	1	4.5	4.7
2007	2	4.4	4.6
2007	3	4.3	4.5
2007	4	4.5	4.6
2008	1	4.6	4.7
2008	2	4.5	4.6
2008	3	4.4	4.5
2008	4	4.5	4.6
2009	1	4.6	4.6
2009	2	4.4	4.5
2009	3	4.3	4.4
2009	4	4.5	4.5
2010	1	4.5	4.6
2010	2	4.4	4.4
2010	3	4.4	4.4
2010	4	4.5	4.5
2011 (projected)	1	4.5	4.6
2011 (projected)	2	4.4	4.4
2011 (projected)	3	4.3	4.3
2011 (projected)	4	4.4	4.5
2012 (projected)	1	4.5	4.6
2012 (projected)	2	4.4	4.4
2012 (projected)	3	4.3	4.3
2012 (projected)	4	4.4	4.4
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions decreased over time, vacillating around 3.9 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 3.0 percent in 2010. The mortality rate is projected to remain relatively stable in 2011 and 2012, vacillating around 2.9 percent.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest mortality rate, at 5.1 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 3.8 percent in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest mortality rate, at 2.0 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 1.8 percent in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest mortality rate, at 1.5 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 1.2 percent in 2010.
• The mortality rate was 0.3 percentage points higher for females than for males. Females had a mortality rate that decreased from 4.1 percent in 2001 to 3.1 percent in 2010. Males had a mortality rate that decreased from 3.7 percent in 2001 to 2.8 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	4.1	3.8	3.7	4.0
2002	4.2	3.6	3.4	3.9
2003	3.9	3.5	3.4	3.8
2004	3.8	3.4	3.2	3.5
2005	3.8	3.2	2.9	3.3
2006	3.3	3.0	2.9	3.1
2007	3.2	3.0	2.8	3.1
2008	3.3	2.9	2.8	3.1
2009	3.2	2.9	2.8	3.1
2010	3.1	2.9	2.8	3.1
2011 (projected)	3.1	2.9	2.8	3.0
2012 (projected)	3.1	2.9	2.7	3.0
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	1.5	2.0	5.4
2001	2	1.4	1.9	5.0
2001	3	1.4	2.0	4.9
2001	4	1.5	2.1	5.2
2002	1	1.5	2.1	5.5
2002	2	1.4	1.9	4.8
2002	3	1.2	1.8	4.6
2002	4	1.4	2.1	5.1
2003	1	1.4	2.1	5.3
2003	2	1.4	1.9	4.7
2003	3	1.3	1.8	4.5
2003	4	1.5	2.0	5.1
2004	1	1.4	2.0	5.1
2004	2	1.3	1.8	4.5
2004	3	1.2	1.8	4.3
2004	4	1.4	1.9	4.7
2005	1	1.4	1.9	5.0
2005	2	1.2	1.8	4.3
2005	3	1.1	1.6	3.9
2005	4	1.3	1.8	4.4
2006	1	1.3	1.8	4.4
2006	2	1.2	1.7	4.0
2006	3	1.1	1.6	3.9
2006	4	1.2	1.7	4.2
2007	1	1.2	1.7	4.2
2007	2	1.2	1.7	3.9
2007	3	1.2	1.6	3.7
2007	4	1.2	1.7	4.1
2008	1	1.2	1.8	4.3
2008	2	1.2	1.7	3.8
2008	3	1.1	1.6	3.7
2008	4	1.2	1.8	4.1
2009	1	1.3	1.8	4.1
2009	2	1.2	1.7	3.7
2009	3	1.2	1.7	3.6
2009	4	1.3	1.9	4.0
2010	1	1.2	1.8	4.0
2010	2	1.2	1.7	3.7
2010	3	1.2	1.7	3.6
2010	4	1.3	1.9	4.0
2011 (projected)	1	1.2	1.8	4.0
2011 (projected)	2	1.2	1.7	3.6
2011 (projected)	3	1.2	1.7	3.5
2011 (projected)	4	1.2	1.8	3.9
2012 (projected)	1	1.2	1.8	4.0
2012 (projected)	2	1.2	1.7	3.6
2012 (projected)	3	1.2	1.7	3.5
2012 (projected)	4	1.2	1.8	3.8
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	3.9	4.3
2001	2	3.6	4.0
2001	3	3.5	3.9
2001	4	3.8	4.2
2002	1	4.0	4.4
2002	2	3.4	3.8
2002	3	3.2	3.6
2002	4	3.7	4.0
2003	1	3.8	4.1
2003	2	3.4	3.7
2003	3	3.2	3.5
2003	4	3.6	4.1
2004	1	3.6	4.0
2004	2	3.2	3.5
2004	3	3.0	3.4
2004	4	3.3	3.7
2005	1	3.5	4.0
2005	2	3.1	3.4
2005	3	2.8	3.1
2005	4	3.1	3.5
2006	1	3.1	3.5
2006	2	2.8	3.2
2006	3	2.7	3.1
2006	4	3.0	3.3
2007	1	3.0	3.4
2007	2	2.8	3.1
2007	3	2.7	3.0
2007	4	3.0	3.3
2008	1	3.1	3.4
2008	2	2.7	3.0
2008	3	2.6	2.9
2008	4	3.0	3.3
2009	1	3.0	3.3
2009	2	2.7	3.0
2009	3	2.7	2.9
2009	4	3.0	3.2
2010	1	2.9	3.2
2010	2	2.7	3.0
2010	3	2.7	2.9
2010	4	3.0	3.3
2011 (projected)	1	3.0	3.3
2011 (projected)	2	2.7	3.0
2011 (projected)	3	2.6	2.9
2011 (projected)	4	2.9	3.2
2012 (projected)	1	3.0	3.3
2012 (projected)	2	2.7	3.0
2012 (projected)	3	2.6	2.9
2012 (projected)	4	2.9	3.1
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Acute Myocardial Infarction

An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is commonly known as a heart attack. A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges with a principal diagnosis of AMI are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of discharges for AMI was relatively stable over time, vacillating around 148,500 discharges per quarter. Discharges are projected to remain at about this same level in 2011 and 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest discharges, at about 97,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 and decreasing to 80,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. The two younger age groups had a relatively stable number of discharges, with about 52,000 discharges per quarter for adults ages 45 to 64 and 8,500 discharges per quarter for adults ages 18 to 44.
• Males had about 27,500 more discharges per quarter than did females. Males had a relatively stable number of discharges at about 88,000 discharges per quarter. Females had about 65,000 discharges per quarter in 2001, decreasing to 56,000 discharges per quarter in 2010.

Number of Discharges for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	165,813	156,806	145,466	158,253
2002	165,574	157,383	150,398	162,565
2003	164,099	157,082	149,445	161,549
2004	159,917	149,000	142,466	151,411
2005	158,945	146,705	138,630	146,057
2006	149,844	143,993	137,354	145,831
2007	147,674	141,694	134,833	141,253
2008	152,610	143,010	135,672	143,840
2009	144,635	140,192	134,579	142,491
2010	145,634	140,430	136,542	143,100
2011 (projected)	151,816	144,758	138,184	145,295
2012 (projected)	150,506	143,617	137,636	144,878
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	8,778	51,806	105,229
2001	2	8,777	50,571	97,457
2001	3	8,627	48,226	88,613
2001	4	8,474	50,315	99,463
2002	1	8,943	52,298	104,332
2002	2	9,201	52,699	95,484
2002	3	9,206	51,052	90,140
2002	4	8,978	53,519	100,069
2003	1	9,324	54,026	100,750
2003	2	9,245	53,524	94,313
2003	3	8,924	51,867	88,655
2003	4	8,696	53,160	99,693
2004	1	9,018	52,937	97,961
2004	2	8,904	51,853	88,243
2004	3	8,726	49,755	83,986
2004	4	8,514	51,512	91,385
2005	1	8,863	52,406	97,676
2005	2	8,911	52,041	85,753
2005	3	8,793	50,335	79,502
2005	4	8,432	51,452	86,172
2006	1	8,722	53,189	87,934
2006	2	8,857	52,970	82,166
2006	3	8,681	51,319	77,353
2006	4	8,521	52,673	84,638
2007	1	8,365	53,064	86,246
2007	2	8,675	52,163	80,857
2007	3	8,539	50,783	75,510
2007	4	8,041	51,231	81,981
2008	1	8,515	53,349	90,746
2008	2	8,417	53,118	81,475
2008	3	8,119	52,139	75,414
2008	4	8,038	52,445	83,357
2009	1	8,123	52,670	83,842
2009	2	8,187	52,936	79,069
2009	3	8,095	51,737	74,747
2009	4	7,748	53,165	81,577
2010	1	8,048	54,207	83,413
2010	2	8,037	53,886	78,547
2010	3	7,958	52,588	76,041
2010	4	7,642	53,774	81,734
2011 (projected)	1	8,214	56,027	87,274
2011 (projected)	2	8,174	55,433	80,828
2011 (projected)	3	8,013	54,389	76,489
2011 (projected)	4	7,855	55,436	82,334
2012 (projected)	1	7,992	56,652	86,062
2012 (projected)	2	7,998	56,662	79,855
2012 (projected)	3	7,874	56,127	75,644
2012 (projected)	4	7,758	57,418	81,568
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	96,519	69,291
2001	2	91,841	64,962
2001	3	85,295	60,169
2001	4	91,718	66,532
2002	1	96,460	69,105
2002	2	92,660	64,723
2002	3	87,704	62,686
2002	4	95,185	67,380
2003	1	96,802	67,290
2003	2	93,280	63,798
2003	3	87,871	61,571
2003	4	93,736	67,806
2004	1	94,095	65,819
2004	2	88,166	60,822
2004	3	83,729	58,726
2004	4	88,836	62,562
2005	1	93,308	65,617
2005	2	87,493	59,205
2005	3	82,809	55,804
2005	4	86,734	59,310
2006	1	89,230	60,606
2006	2	86,435	57,552
2006	3	82,164	55,177
2006	4	87,350	58,456
2007	1	88,483	59,184
2007	2	85,336	56,354
2007	3	80,841	53,980
2007	4	83,751	57,493
2008	1	90,546	62,059
2008	2	85,812	57,195
2008	3	81,084	54,583
2008	4	86,074	57,762
2009	1	86,636	57,995
2009	2	84,898	55,290
2009	3	81,031	53,543
2009	4	85,700	56,785
2010	1	87,834	57,795
2010	2	85,279	55,150
2010	3	82,313	54,228
2010	4	85,898	57,201
2011 (projected)	1	91,621	60,418
2011 (projected)	2	87,259	57,405
2011 (projected)	3	83,494	55,042
2011 (projected)	4	87,138	57,770
2012 (projected)	1	90,462	59,670
2012 (projected)	2	87,069	56,429
2012 (projected)	3	83,437	54,520
2012 (projected)	4	87,258	57,290
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for discharges with AMI increased from about $16,000 in 2001 to $21,500 in 2010. The average hospital cost is projected to remain at about this same level in 2011 and 2012.
• The average hospital cost was highest for adults ages 45 to 64, increasing from about $17,000 in 2001 to $23,000 in 2010. The youngest and oldest age groups had similar average hospital cost, at about $15,000 in 2001 and increasing to $20,500 in 2010.
• The average hospital cost was about $2,500 higher for males than for females. Males had an average hospital cost that increased from about $16,500 in 2001 to $22,500 in 2010. Females had an average hospital cost than increased from about $14,500 in 2001 to $19,500 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $16,000 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $20,000 in 2010. The average hospital cost through 2010 remained relatively consistent with the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$15,315	$15,545	$15,879	$16,487
2002	$16,229	$16,692	$17,101	$17,626
2003	$17,318	$17,446	$17,878	$18,209
2004	$18,327	$18,591	$18,765	$19,125
2005	$19,122	$19,356	$19,061	$19,381
2006	$19,745	$19,925	$19,893	$20,218
2007	$19,749	$19,649	$19,737	$20,060
2008	$20,105	$20,317	$20,402	$20,873
2009	$20,473	$20,483	$20,270	$20,782
2010	$21,307	$21,305	$21,268	$21,856
2011 (projected)	$21,121	$21,340	$21,300	$21,633
2012 (projected)	$21,643	$21,798	$21,854	$22,168
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$14,117	$16,576	$14,800
2001	2	$14,513	$16,796	$14,992
2001	3	$14,792	$17,162	$15,288
2001	4	$15,075	$17,791	$15,946
2002	1	$15,021	$17,590	$15,649
2002	2	$15,199	$17,811	$16,212
2002	3	$15,524	$18,391	$16,516
2002	4	$15,905	$18,928	$17,071
2003	1	$15,774	$18,613	$16,759
2003	2	$15,644	$18,665	$16,916
2003	3	$16,659	$19,209	$17,228
2003	4	$16,775	$19,569	$17,608
2004	1	$16,469	$19,598	$17,829
2004	2	$17,060	$20,014	$17,916
2004	3	$17,480	$20,170	$18,057
2004	4	$17,887	$20,620	$18,396
2005	1	$17,699	$20,610	$18,434
2005	2	$17,623	$20,707	$18,713
2005	3	$17,906	$20,493	$18,286
2005	4	$17,865	$20,808	$18,690
2006	1	$18,105	$21,290	$18,971
2006	2	$18,270	$21,381	$19,171
2006	3	$18,529	$21,273	$19,125
2006	4	$19,326	$21,641	$19,425
2007	1	$18,008	$21,265	$18,976
2007	2	$18,152	$21,115	$18,866
2007	3	$18,409	$21,094	$18,966
2007	4	$18,435	$21,604	$19,249
2008	1	$19,231	$21,993	$19,082
2008	2	$18,881	$21,953	$19,412
2008	3	$19,546	$21,953	$19,432
2008	4	$19,641	$22,393	$20,027
2009	1	$19,215	$22,111	$19,587
2009	2	$19,425	$22,008	$19,598
2009	3	$18,784	$21,771	$19,388
2009	4	$20,083	$22,403	$19,781
2010	1	$20,077	$22,829	$20,440
2010	2	$20,136	$22,834	$20,389
2010	3	$19,862	$22,812	$20,365
2010	4	$20,759	$23,527	$20,858
2011 (projected)	1	$19,690	$22,698	$20,214
2011 (projected)	2	$20,114	$22,799	$20,398
2011 (projected)	3	$20,203	$22,812	$20,441
2011 (projected)	4	$20,579	$23,209	$20,629
2012 (projected)	1	$20,543	$23,201	$20,703
2012 (projected)	2	$20,677	$23,312	$20,805
2012 (projected)	3	$20,744	$23,399	$20,878
2012 (projected)	4	$20,997	$23,736	$21,032
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$16,114	$14,194
2001	2	$16,364	$14,384
2001	3	$16,685	$14,722
2001	4	$17,393	$15,223
2002	1	$16,995	$15,156
2002	2	$17,516	$15,507
2002	3	$18,037	$15,794
2002	4	$18,606	$16,237
2003	1	$18,237	$15,986
2003	2	$18,369	$16,087
2003	3	$18,861	$16,476
2003	4	$19,205	$16,833
2004	1	$19,298	$16,944
2004	2	$19,562	$17,171
2004	3	$19,773	$17,317
2004	4	$20,254	$17,511
2005	1	$20,217	$17,568
2005	2	$20,427	$17,779
2005	3	$20,024	$17,629
2005	4	$20,486	$17,763
2006	1	$20,820	$18,162
2006	2	$21,023	$18,269
2006	3	$21,120	$18,064
2006	4	$21,323	$18,560
2007	1	$20,827	$18,131
2007	2	$20,834	$17,857
2007	3	$20,859	$18,057
2007	4	$21,275	$18,289
2008	1	$21,366	$18,265
2008	2	$21,438	$18,637
2008	3	$21,734	$18,425
2008	4	$22,068	$19,095
2009	1	$21,679	$18,679
2009	2	$21,672	$18,662
2009	3	$21,537	$18,345
2009	4	$22,006	$18,936
2010	1	$22,598	$19,334
2010	2	$22,498	$19,438
2010	3	$22,527	$19,342
2010	4	$23,147	$19,897
2011 (projected)	1	$22,422	$19,031
2011 (projected)	2	$22,590	$19,301
2011 (projected)	3	$22,562	$19,339
2011 (projected)	4	$22,912	$19,542
2012 (projected)	1	$22,952	$19,570
2012 (projected)	2	$23,072	$19,677
2012 (projected)	3	$23,125	$19,749
2012 (projected)	4	$23,445	$19,921
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with AMI decreased over time, from 6.6 days in 2001 to 5.3 days in 2010. This decreasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with length of stay projected to be 4.8 days at the end of 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the longest length of stay, at 7.1 days in 2001 and decreasing to 5.8 days in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next longest length of stay, at 5.8 days in 2001 and decreasing to 4.7 days in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the shortest length of stay, at 4.6 days in 2001 and decreasing to 3.8 days in 2010.
• Length of stay was similar for males and females, decreasing from 6.6 days in 2001 to 5.3 days in 2010.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	6.8	6.6	6.4	6.5
2002	6.6	6.5	6.4	6.4
2003	6.5	6.3	6.2	6.3
2004	6.6	6.3	6.1	6.2
2005	6.4	6.1	5.8	5.8
2006	6.1	5.9	5.8	5.9
2007	6.0	5.8	5.7	5.7
2008	5.9	5.7	5.5	5.6
2009	5.7	5.5	5.3	5.4
2010	5.5	5.3	5.2	5.3
2011 (projected)	5.2	5.0	4.9	5.0
2012 (projected)	5.1	4.9	4.7	4.8
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	4.7	5.9	7.4
2001	2	4.6	5.8	7.1
2001	3	4.6	5.7	7.0
2001	4	4.5	5.7	7.0
2002	1	4.6	5.8	7.2
2002	2	4.5	5.6	7.1
2002	3	4.5	5.7	7.0
2002	4	4.4	5.6	7.0
2003	1	4.5	5.7	7.2
2003	2	4.3	5.5	6.9
2003	3	4.5	5.4	6.9
2003	4	4.4	5.5	6.9
2004	1	4.3	5.6	7.3
2004	2	4.3	5.5	6.9
2004	3	4.3	5.4	6.8
2004	4	4.4	5.4	6.8
2005	1	4.3	5.5	7.1
2005	2	4.1	5.3	6.8
2005	3	4.1	5.1	6.5
2005	4	4.0	5.1	6.5
2006	1	4.0	5.3	6.7
2006	2	4.1	5.1	6.6
2006	3	4.2	5.1	6.4
2006	4	4.3	5.2	6.5
2007	1	4.0	5.3	6.7
2007	2	4.1	5.2	6.4
2007	3	4.0	5.0	6.3
2007	4	4.0	5.0	6.3
2008	1	4.1	5.3	6.5
2008	2	4.0	5.1	6.3
2008	3	4.0	4.9	6.1
2008	4	3.9	4.9	6.1
2009	1	4.0	5.1	6.2
2009	2	3.9	4.9	6.0
2009	3	3.8	4.8	5.9
2009	4	4.0	4.8	5.9
2010	1	3.8	4.9	6.0
2010	2	3.8	4.7	5.8
2010	3	3.7	4.6	5.7
2010	4	3.8	4.7	5.8
2011 (projected)	1	3.7	4.6	5.7
2011 (projected)	2	3.7	4.5	5.5
2011 (projected)	3	3.7	4.5	5.5
2011 (projected)	4	3.8	4.5	5.5
2012 (projected)	1	3.8	4.6	5.6
2012 (projected)	2	3.7	4.5	5.4
2012 (projected)	3	3.7	4.4	5.3
2012 (projected)	4	3.7	4.4	5.3
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	6.5	7.1
2001	2	6.4	6.8
2001	3	6.2	6.8
2001	4	6.2	6.7
2002	1	6.4	7.0
2002	2	6.2	6.8
2002	3	6.2	6.7
2002	4	6.2	6.7
2003	1	6.3	6.8
2003	2	6.1	6.6
2003	3	6.0	6.6
2003	4	6.1	6.6
2004	1	6.3	6.9
2004	2	6.0	6.6
2004	3	5.9	6.5
2004	4	6.0	6.5
2005	1	6.2	6.7
2005	2	5.9	6.4
2005	3	5.6	6.2
2005	4	5.6	6.1
2006	1	5.9	6.4
2006	2	5.7	6.2
2006	3	5.6	6.0
2006	4	5.7	6.2
2007	1	5.8	6.3
2007	2	5.7	6.1
2007	3	5.5	6.0
2007	4	5.6	6.0
2008	1	5.8	6.2
2008	2	5.5	6.0
2008	3	5.4	5.7
2008	4	5.4	5.8
2009	1	5.5	5.9
2009	2	5.3	5.7
2009	3	5.2	5.5
2009	4	5.2	5.6
2010	1	5.3	5.7
2010	2	5.1	5.5
2010	3	5.0	5.4
2010	4	5.2	5.4
2011 (projected)	1	5.0	5.4
2011 (projected)	2	4.9	5.2
2011 (projected)	3	4.8	5.1
2011 (projected)	4	4.9	5.2
2012 (projected)	1	5.0	5.3
2012 (projected)	2	4.8	5.1
2012 (projected)	3	4.7	5.0
2012 (projected)	4	4.7	5.0
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with AMI decreased over time, from 9.9 percent in 2001 to 6.1 percent in 2010. This decreasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the mortality rate projected to be 5.4 percent at the end of 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest mortality rate, at 13.5 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 8.5 percent in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest mortality rate, at 4.2 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 3.0 percent in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest mortality rate, at 2.2 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 1.7 percent in 2010.
• The mortality rate was 2.7 percentage points higher for females than for males. Females had a mortality rate that decreased from 12.0 percent in 2001 to 7.1 percent in 2010. Males had a mortality rate that decreased from 8.3 percent in 2001 to 5.3 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	10.4	9.7	9.6	9.7
2002	10.3	9.0	8.7	9.2
2003	9.4	8.6	8.3	9.1
2004	9.2	8.1	8.0	8.4
2005	8.9	7.7	7.2	7.7
2006	7.6	7.0	6.9	7.3
2007	7.4	6.8	6.6	7.1
2008	7.4	6.5	6.1	6.6
2009	6.7	6.1	5.9	6.4
2010	6.4	5.9	5.7	6.2
2011 (projected)	5.9	5.4	5.4	5.7
2012 (projected)	5.7	5.3	5.2	5.4
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	2.2	4.4	14.0
2001	2	2.3	4.2	13.3
2001	3	2.0	4.3	13.2
2001	4	2.2	3.9	13.3
2002	1	2.3	4.5	13.9
2002	2	1.8	3.9	12.5
2002	3	2.1	3.9	12.1
2002	4	1.9	4.1	12.6
2003	1	2.1	4.1	12.9
2003	2	2.0	3.8	11.9
2003	3	2.2	3.6	11.7
2003	4	2.0	3.9	12.6
2004	1	2.2	4.0	12.7
2004	2	2.1	3.6	11.3
2004	3	1.9	3.5	11.3
2004	4	2.3	3.7	11.7
2005	1	2.0	3.8	12.1
2005	2	1.7	3.6	10.8
2005	3	1.7	3.2	10.4
2005	4	2.0	3.4	10.7
2006	1	1.7	3.3	10.8
2006	2	1.7	3.3	10.0
2006	3	1.7	3.1	10.0
2006	4	1.9	3.1	10.4
2007	1	1.4	3.4	10.4
2007	2	1.5	3.1	9.8
2007	3	2.0	3.3	9.3
2007	4	1.6	3.2	9.9
2008	1	1.4	3.5	10.2
2008	2	1.8	3.2	9.2
2008	3	1.7	2.9	8.8
2008	4	1.7	3.2	9.1
2009	1	1.9	3.2	9.3
2009	2	1.7	2.9	8.6
2009	3	1.8	2.9	8.4
2009	4	1.8	3.3	8.8
2010	1	1.9	3.1	8.9
2010	2	1.6	3.0	8.3
2010	3	1.4	2.9	8.0
2010	4	1.8	3.0	8.7
2011 (projected)	1	1.3	2.9	8.2
2011 (projected)	2	1.5	2.8	7.6
2011 (projected)	3	1.2	2.9	7.6
2011 (projected)	4	1.2	2.9	7.9
2012 (projected)	1	1.2	2.9	8.0
2012 (projected)	2	1.3	2.9	7.5
2012 (projected)	3	1.3	2.8	7.4
2012 (projected)	4	1.2	2.8	7.6
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	8.8	12.5
2001	2	8.2	11.9
2001	3	7.9	11.9
2001	4	8.4	11.5
2002	1	8.7	12.5
2002	2	7.6	11.0
2002	3	7.3	10.6
2002	4	8.0	10.9
2003	1	8.1	11.3
2003	2	7.2	10.5
2003	3	7.0	10.3
2003	4	7.8	11.0
2004	1	7.9	11.1
2004	2	7.0	9.7
2004	3	6.7	9.8
2004	4	7.2	10.2
2005	1	7.6	10.7
2005	2	6.5	9.5
2005	3	6.1	8.9
2005	4	6.7	9.1
2006	1	6.5	9.2
2006	2	6.0	8.6
2006	3	6.0	8.3
2006	4	6.2	8.8
2007	1	6.4	8.9
2007	2	6.0	8.1
2007	3	5.8	7.9
2007	4	6.1	8.4
2008	1	6.4	8.7
2008	2	5.6	7.9
2008	3	5.4	7.2
2008	4	5.8	7.7
2009	1	5.9	7.9
2009	2	5.2	7.4
2009	3	5.2	7.0
2009	4	5.7	7.4
2010	1	5.6	7.5
2010	2	5.1	7.1
2010	3	5.1	6.6
2010	4	5.5	7.3
2011 (projected)	1	5.2	6.8
2011 (projected)	2	4.8	6.4
2011 (projected)	3	4.9	6.3
2011 (projected)	4	5.1	6.6
2012 (projected)	1	5.1	6.6
2012 (projected)	2	4.7	6.3
2012 (projected)	3	4.7	6.1
2012 (projected)	4	4.9	6.2
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease and Coronary Atherosclerosis

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the process of plaque buildup in the coronary arteries. Coronary atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of these arteries. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges with a principal diagnosis of CAD and coronary atherosclerosis are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of CAD and coronary atherosclerosis discharges decreased over time, from about 298,000 discharges per quarter in 2001 to 170,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. This decreasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with quarterly discharges projected to be about 120,000 at the end of 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest discharges, at about 166,000 discharges per quarter in 2001 and decreasing to 91,500 discharges per quarter in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest discharges, at about 117,000 discharges per quarter in 2001 and decreasing to 71,500 discharges in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest discharges, decreasing from about 14,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 to 7,000 discharges per quarter in 2010.
• Males had about 59,500 more discharges per quarter than did females. Males had about 180,000 discharges per quarter in 2001, decreasing to 108,500 discharges per quarter in 2010. Females had about 118,000 discharges per quarter in 2001, decreasing to 62,000 discharges per quarter in 2010.

Number of Discharges for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	312,340	306,623	293,154	279,720
2002	285,605	292,640	288,172	273,945
2003	272,891	286,325	281,880	270,158
2004	279,761	281,362	285,751	275,881
2005	272,516	276,630	270,071	255,405
2006	267,918	270,846	261,104	248,544
2007	250,388	236,648	227,156	217,109
2008	221,024	220,577	211,758	195,806
2009	198,160	197,434	185,903	172,703
2010	181,798	178,687	167,146	153,181
2011 (projected)	159,026	156,733	149,017	137,979
2012 (projected)	140,660	138,109	131,053	120,210
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	15,134	122,608	174,598
2001	2	14,877	120,642	171,104
2001	3	14,757	115,882	162,514
2001	4	13,421	109,737	156,562
2002	1	13,716	114,505	157,384
2002	2	14,117	116,858	161,664
2002	3	15,099	117,186	155,886
2002	4	13,048	110,270	150,626
2003	1	13,437	111,886	147,568
2003	2	14,181	117,415	154,730
2003	3	14,274	116,217	151,389
2003	4	12,737	110,174	147,247
2004	1	13,556	115,758	150,447
2004	2	13,612	115,614	152,136
2004	3	14,034	118,315	153,402
2004	4	12,685	115,136	148,061
2005	1	12,595	114,334	145,587
2005	2	12,850	114,064	149,716
2005	3	13,277	113,028	143,765
2005	4	11,637	105,251	138,517
2006	1	12,029	111,742	144,147
2006	2	12,113	112,044	146,689
2006	3	12,118	108,983	140,003
2006	4	10,787	103,638	134,119
2007	1	11,079	104,983	134,326
2007	2	10,618	99,217	126,813
2007	3	10,474	96,106	120,576
2007	4	9,488	90,615	117,006
2008	1	9,596	93,272	118,155
2008	2	9,512	93,065	118,001
2008	3	9,596	90,726	111,435
2008	4	8,351	82,635	104,820
2009	1	8,342	83,809	106,009
2009	2	8,418	82,643	106,373
2009	3	8,078	78,818	99,008
2009	4	6,897	72,628	93,178
2010	1	7,681	77,018	97,143
2010	2	7,358	75,182	96,109
2010	3	7,098	70,443	89,551
2010	4	5,943	63,363	83,838
2011 (projected)	1	6,357	66,792	86,264
2011 (projected)	2	6,261	65,081	85,895
2011 (projected)	3	6,094	63,031	79,916
2011 (projected)	4	5,112	57,036	75,485
2012 (projected)	1	5,200	57,921	76,780
2012 (projected)	2	5,097	56,596	75,484
2012 (projected)	3	5,019	54,813	70,328
2012 (projected)	4	4,067	48,933	66,036
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	190,079	122,251
2001	2	185,202	121,412
2001	3	175,079	118,069
2001	4	169,298	110,414
2002	1	172,631	112,964
2002	2	176,079	116,555
2002	3	172,950	115,216
2002	4	168,153	105,779
2003	1	167,414	105,456
2003	2	175,616	110,703
2003	3	172,378	109,495
2003	4	166,854	103,299
2004	1	172,371	107,387
2004	2	172,171	109,170
2004	3	174,473	111,233
2004	4	172,107	103,751
2005	1	170,600	101,884
2005	2	172,100	104,503
2005	3	167,473	102,576
2005	4	160,821	94,555
2006	1	168,575	99,324
2006	2	169,828	100,989
2006	3	162,795	98,258
2006	4	157,104	91,416
2007	1	157,940	92,431
2007	2	148,037	88,607
2007	3	141,666	85,482
2007	4	137,022	80,067
2008	1	139,955	81,058
2008	2	139,420	81,152
2008	3	133,261	78,487
2008	4	123,955	71,849
2009	1	124,978	73,178
2009	2	124,085	73,346
2009	3	117,248	68,652
2009	4	109,551	63,149
2010	1	115,916	65,904
2010	2	113,562	65,073
2010	3	105,732	61,361
2010	4	97,873	55,261
2011 (projected)	1	101,172	57,683
2011 (projected)	2	98,631	57,062
2011 (projected)	3	93,636	54,189
2011 (projected)	4	87,845	49,266
2012 (projected)	1	89,195	49,988
2012 (projected)	2	85,960	49,467
2012 (projected)	3	81,708	47,114
2012 (projected)	4	76,070	42,234
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for discharges with CAD and coronary atherosclerosis increased over time, from about $12,000 in 2001 to $19,000 in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the average hospital cost projected to be about $21,000 at the end of 2012.
• The average hospital cost was similar for the two older age groups, increasing from about $12,000 in 2001 to $19,000 in 2010. The average hospital cost for adults ages 18 to 44 was lower than for the two older age groups but also exhibited an increasing trend, from about $9,500 in 2001 to $15,000 in 2010.
• The average hospital cost was about $2,000 higher for males than for females. Males had an average hospital cost that increased from about $12,500 in 2001 to $20,000 in 2010. Females had an average hospital cost that increased from about $11,000 in 2001 to $17,000 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $12,000 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $15,000 in 2010. By 2010, the average hospital cost exceeded the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$11,430	$11,714	$11,805	$12,449
2002	$12,188	$12,517	$12,811	$13,566
2003	$13,191	$13,354	$13,560	$14,299
2004	$13,894	$14,111	$14,078	$14,817
2005	$14,765	$14,973	$14,951	$15,599
2006	$15,464	$15,588	$15,562	$16,108
2007	$15,676	$15,860	$15,805	$16,583
2008	$16,736	$16,983	$17,143	$17,855
2009	$17,292	$17,520	$17,511	$18,256
2010	$18,355	$18,685	$18,854	$19,672
2011 (projected)	$19,160	$19,463	$19,583	$20,201
2012 (projected)	$20,044	$20,312	$20,451	$21,132
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$8,939	$11,310	$11,728
2001	2	$9,447	$11,504	$12,044
2001	3	$9,293	$11,681	$12,110
2001	4	$9,871	$12,193	$12,842
2002	1	$9,779	$11,966	$12,554
2002	2	$10,148	$12,298	$12,875
2002	3	$10,352	$12,569	$13,230
2002	4	$10,529	$13,247	$14,060
2003	1	$10,428	$12,876	$13,675
2003	2	$10,648	$13,105	$13,787
2003	3	$10,988	$13,308	$13,982
2003	4	$11,478	$13,970	$14,784
2004	1	$11,191	$13,617	$14,352
2004	2	$11,232	$13,850	$14,566
2004	3	$11,283	$13,749	$14,584
2004	4	$11,734	$14,441	$15,380
2005	1	$11,657	$14,364	$15,357
2005	2	$12,022	$14,577	$15,527
2005	3	$11,664	$14,583	$15,538
2005	4	$12,375	$15,239	$16,145
2006	1	$12,296	$15,040	$16,061
2006	2	$12,391	$15,247	$16,117
2006	3	$12,578	$15,242	$16,070
2006	4	$12,877	$15,797	$16,611
2007	1	$12,757	$15,348	$16,171
2007	2	$12,861	$15,499	$16,386
2007	3	$12,960	$15,431	$16,347
2007	4	$13,531	$16,196	$17,135
2008	1	$13,644	$16,388	$17,258
2008	2	$13,905	$16,546	$17,568
2008	3	$14,005	$16,747	$17,734
2008	4	$14,370	$17,485	$18,418
2009	1	$13,938	$16,879	$17,873
2009	2	$14,387	$17,016	$18,162
2009	3	$14,313	$17,086	$18,114
2009	4	$14,668	$17,773	$18,903
2010	1	$14,749	$17,948	$18,964
2010	2	$15,055	$18,223	$19,323
2010	3	$15,190	$18,500	$19,412
2010	4	$15,925	$19,270	$20,253
2011 (projected)	1	$15,236	$18,673	$19,661
2011 (projected)	2	$15,734	$19,021	$19,951
2011 (projected)	3	$15,702	$19,213	$20,136
2011 (projected)	4	$16,220	$19,779	$20,790
2012 (projected)	1	$16,101	$19,623	$20,619
2012 (projected)	2	$16,323	$19,858	$20,902
2012 (projected)	3	$16,481	$20,087	$21,028
2012 (projected)	4	$16,933	$20,668	$21,716
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$12,107	$10,373
2001	2	$12,429	$10,614
2001	3	$12,556	$10,688
2001	4	$13,169	$11,337
2002	1	$12,899	$11,099
2002	2	$13,221	$11,442
2002	3	$13,543	$11,704
2002	4	$14,335	$12,339
2003	1	$13,949	$11,980
2003	2	$14,097	$12,172
2003	3	$14,340	$12,335
2003	4	$15,002	$13,157
2004	1	$14,630	$12,712
2004	2	$14,881	$12,895
2004	3	$14,804	$12,930
2004	4	$15,575	$13,553
2005	1	$15,570	$13,402
2005	2	$15,797	$13,604
2005	3	$15,772	$13,592
2005	4	$16,382	$14,260
2006	1	$16,209	$14,188
2006	2	$16,341	$14,321
2006	3	$16,347	$14,253
2006	4	$16,907	$14,723
2007	1	$16,477	$14,294
2007	2	$16,700	$14,437
2007	3	$16,669	$14,362
2007	4	$17,390	$15,189
2008	1	$17,597	$15,234
2008	2	$17,810	$15,560
2008	3	$18,005	$15,662
2008	4	$18,743	$16,317
2009	1	$18,259	$15,626
2009	2	$18,400	$16,026
2009	3	$18,484	$15,824
2009	4	$19,255	$16,527
2010	1	$19,412	$16,477
2010	2	$19,702	$16,864
2010	3	$19,901	$16,995
2010	4	$20,734	$17,741
2011 (projected)	1	$20,254	$17,039
2011 (projected)	2	$20,571	$17,419
2011 (projected)	3	$20,721	$17,486
2011 (projected)	4	$21,392	$18,095
2012 (projected)	1	$21,231	$17,799
2012 (projected)	2	$21,502	$18,080
2012 (projected)	3	$21,686	$18,142
2012 (projected)	4	$22,369	$18,773
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with CAD and coronary atherosclerosis decreased from 4.1 days in 2001 to 3.6 days in 2006, and then gradually increased beginning in 2007. Length of stay is projected to be 3.9 days in 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest length of stay, at 4.5 days in 2001, decreasing to 3.8 days in 2006, and increasing slightly to 4.1 days in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest length of stay, at 3.7 days in 2001, decreasing to 3.3 days in 2006, and increasing slightly to 3.6 days in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest length of stay, remaining relatively stable at 2.9 days between 2001 and 2010.
• Length of stay was similar for males and females, at 4.1 days in 2001, decreasing to 3.5 days in 2006, and increasing slightly to 3.9 days in 2010.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.0
2002	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.0
2003	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.9
2004	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.7
2005	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.6
2006	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6
2007	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.7
2008	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.8
2009	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.9
2010	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.9
2011 (projected)	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.9
2012 (projected)	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	3.0	3.7	4.5
2001	2	3.0	3.7	4.5
2001	3	2.9	3.6	4.4
2001	4	3.0	3.6	4.4
2002	1	3.0	3.7	4.5
2002	2	3.0	3.6	4.4
2002	3	3.0	3.6	4.4
2002	4	3.0	3.6	4.4
2003	1	3.0	3.7	4.4
2003	2	2.9	3.5	4.2
2003	3	2.9	3.4	4.1
2003	4	2.9	3.5	4.2
2004	1	2.9	3.5	4.2
2004	2	2.8	3.4	4.1
2004	3	2.8	3.3	4.0
2004	4	2.8	3.3	4.1
2005	1	2.8	3.3	4.0
2005	2	2.8	3.3	3.9
2005	3	2.7	3.2	3.8
2005	4	2.8	3.3	3.9
2006	1	2.8	3.3	3.9
2006	2	2.8	3.3	3.8
2006	3	2.8	3.2	3.7
2006	4	2.8	3.3	3.8
2007	1	2.9	3.3	3.9
2007	2	2.9	3.3	3.9
2007	3	2.9	3.3	3.8
2007	4	2.9	3.4	3.9
2008	1	3.0	3.4	4.0
2008	2	2.9	3.4	4.0
2008	3	3.0	3.4	4.0
2008	4	3.0	3.5	4.0
2009	1	3.0	3.5	4.1
2009	2	3.1	3.5	4.1
2009	3	3.1	3.5	4.0
2009	4	3.1	3.6	4.1
2010	1	3.0	3.6	4.1
2010	2	3.0	3.6	4.1
2010	3	3.0	3.6	4.0
2010	4	3.1	3.7	4.1
2011 (projected)	1	3.0	3.6	4.1
2011 (projected)	2	3.0	3.6	4.1
2011 (projected)	3	3.0	3.6	4.1
2011 (projected)	4	3.0	3.7	4.1
2012 (projected)	1	3.0	3.7	4.1
2012 (projected)	2	3.0	3.7	4.1
2012 (projected)	3	3.1	3.7	4.1
2012 (projected)	4	3.1	3.7	4.1
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	4.1	4.2
2001	2	4.0	4.1
2001	3	4.0	4.1
2001	4	4.0	4.1
2002	1	4.0	4.1
2002	2	4.0	4.1
2002	3	3.9	4.1
2002	4	4.0	4.1
2003	1	4.0	4.1
2003	2	3.8	3.9
2003	3	3.7	3.8
2003	4	3.8	4.0
2004	1	3.8	3.9
2004	2	3.7	3.8
2004	3	3.6	3.7
2004	4	3.7	3.8
2005	1	3.6	3.8
2005	2	3.6	3.6
2005	3	3.5	3.6
2005	4	3.5	3.6
2006	1	3.5	3.7
2006	2	3.5	3.6
2006	3	3.4	3.5
2006	4	3.5	3.6
2007	1	3.6	3.6
2007	2	3.6	3.6
2007	3	3.6	3.6
2007	4	3.6	3.7
2008	1	3.7	3.7
2008	2	3.7	3.7
2008	3	3.7	3.7
2008	4	3.8	3.8
2009	1	3.8	3.8
2009	2	3.8	3.8
2009	3	3.8	3.7
2009	4	3.9	3.8
2010	1	3.9	3.8
2010	2	3.9	3.8
2010	3	3.9	3.7
2010	4	4.0	3.8
2011 (projected)	1	3.9	3.7
2011 (projected)	2	3.9	3.7
2011 (projected)	3	3.9	3.7
2011 (projected)	4	3.9	3.7
2012 (projected)	1	3.9	3.7
2012 (projected)	2	3.9	3.7
2012 (projected)	3	4.0	3.7
2012 (projected)	4	4.0	3.7
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with CAD and coronary atherosclerosis decreased over time, from 0.9 percent in 2001 to 0.6 percent in 2010. The mortality rate is projected to increase slightly to 0.7 percent in 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest mortality rate, at 1.2 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 0.9 percent in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest mortality rate, at 0.4 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 0.3 percent in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest mortality rate, remaining relatively stable at 0.2 percent between 2001 and 2010.
• The mortality rate was 0.1 percentage point higher for females than for males. Females had a mortality rate that decreased from 1.0 percent in 2001 to 0.7 percent in 2010. Males had a mortality rate that decreased from 0.8 percent in 2001 to 0.6 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	0.89	0.85	0.81	0.86
2002	0.86	0.79	0.75	0.79
2003	0.82	0.75	0.70	0.77
2004	0.72	0.66	0.66	0.65
2005	0.66	0.62	0.58	0.64
2006	0.59	0.55	0.55	0.57
2007	0.62	0.57	0.54	0.61
2008	0.64	0.57	0.56	0.65
2009	0.62	0.62	0.58	0.67
2010	0.62	0.62	0.61	0.67
2011 (projected)	0.62	0.63	0.62	0.66
2012 (projected)	0.67	0.69	0.73	0.80
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	0.17	0.43	1.28
2001	2	0.18	0.39	1.22
2001	3	0.12	0.39	1.17
2001	4	0.23	0.41	1.24
2002	1	0.18	0.43	1.24
2002	2	0.19	0.39	1.13
2002	3	0.21	0.34	1.13
2002	4	0.23	0.35	1.18
2003	1	0.18	0.36	1.22
2003	2	0.32	0.33	1.12
2003	3	0.18	0.31	1.07
2003	4	0.21	0.33	1.15
2004	1	0.14	0.33	1.06
2004	2	0.26	0.28	0.99
2004	3	0.17	0.33	0.95
2004	4	0.15	0.32	0.94
2005	1	0.19	0.29	0.99
2005	2	0.19	0.29	0.91
2005	3	0.18	0.26	0.86
2005	4	0.14	0.32	0.93
2006	1	0.08	0.27	0.88
2006	2	0.17	0.28	0.79
2006	3	0.05	0.27	0.81
2006	4	0.10	0.27	0.84
2007	1	0.25	0.30	0.90
2007	2	0.13	0.29	0.84
2007	3	0.13	0.25	0.81
2007	4	0.20	0.29	0.88
2008	1	0.20	0.29	0.94
2008	2	0.14	0.28	0.83
2008	3	0.17	0.29	0.81
2008	4	0.17	0.32	0.96
2009	1	0.19	0.32	0.89
2009	2	0.20	0.32	0.88
2009	3	0.20	0.29	0.84
2009	4	0.23	0.39	0.92
2010	1	0.16	0.27	0.94
2010	2	0.29	0.33	0.86
2010	3	0.21	0.31	0.87
2010	4	0.26	0.32	0.96
2011 (projected)	1	0.11	0.29	0.92
2011 (projected)	2	0.17	0.34	0.90
2011 (projected)	3	0.13	0.36	0.90
2011 (projected)	4	0.13	0.46	0.95
2012 (projected)	1	0.14	0.57	0.97
2012 (projected)	2	0.16	0.69	0.97
2012 (projected)	3	0.19	0.79	1.03
2012 (projected)	4	0.22	0.84	1.10
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	0.81	1.02
2001	2	0.80	0.91
2001	3	0.74	0.91
2001	4	0.80	0.96
2002	1	0.80	0.96
2002	2	0.74	0.86
2002	3	0.69	0.85
2002	4	0.76	0.86
2003	1	0.75	0.92
2003	2	0.72	0.80
2003	3	0.66	0.79
2003	4	0.70	0.89
2004	1	0.67	0.78
2004	2	0.63	0.73
2004	3	0.60	0.75
2004	4	0.62	0.70
2005	1	0.60	0.76
2005	2	0.60	0.67
2005	3	0.52	0.67
2005	4	0.59	0.72
2006	1	0.55	0.66
2006	2	0.51	0.63
2006	3	0.49	0.64
2006	4	0.51	0.68
2007	1	0.54	0.76
2007	2	0.52	0.66
2007	3	0.53	0.56
2007	4	0.54	0.72
2008	1	0.62	0.67
2008	2	0.53	0.65
2008	3	0.51	0.65
2008	4	0.62	0.71
2009	1	0.59	0.66
2009	2	0.58	0.69
2009	3	0.53	0.67
2009	4	0.64	0.72
2010	1	0.59	0.68
2010	2	0.55	0.73
2010	3	0.58	0.65
2010	4	0.60	0.78
2011 (projected)	1	0.57	0.73
2011 (projected)	2	0.60	0.72
2011 (projected)	3	0.62	0.77
2011 (projected)	4	0.69	0.82
2012 (projected)	1	0.75	0.90
2012 (projected)	2	0.81	1.00
2012 (projected)	3	0.87	1.09
2012 (projected)	4	0.92	1.16
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Congestive Heart Failure

Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart is no longer able to pump enough oxygen-rich blood out to the rest of the body, especially when the person is exercising or active. As the heart's pumping action is lost, blood may back up in other areas of the body. Fluid builds up in the lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and the arms and legs. This is called congestive heart failure. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges with a principal diagnosis of CHF are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of CHF discharges vacillated around 251,500 discharges per quarter between 2001 and 2010, gradually decreasing from a high of 265,000 discharges in 2004 to 236,500 discharges in 2010. Discharges are projected to vacillate around 232,000 in 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest discharges, decreasing from a high of 198,500 discharges in 2004 to 174,000 discharges in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest discharges, increasing from about 48,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 to 58,000 discharges in 2005 and then remaining relatively stable through 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest discharges, increasing from about 8,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 to 11,000 discharges in 2005 and then decreasing to 9,000 discharges in 2010.
• Females had about 24,000 more discharges per quarter in 2001 than did males, but this initial difference disappeared over time. Females decreased from a high of 141,000 discharges in 2003 to 119,500 discharges in 2010. Males vacillated around 120,000 discharges per quarter between 2001 and 2010.

Number of Discharges for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	266,684	247,897	216,035	243,277
2002	263,681	248,973	225,650	252,343
2003	277,313	266,289	238,839	266,996
2004	284,004	265,010	244,748	266,106
2005	291,619	269,471	233,627	264,336
2006	290,473	262,133	231,525	258,205
2007	277,254	253,390	222,710	237,563
2008	266,019	243,109	217,236	243,870
2009	265,143	245,633	217,717	240,710
2010	260,629	236,499	213,833	234,719
2011 (projected)	258,995	236,637	210,406	232,351
2012 (projected)	255,443	234,143	208,266	230,139
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	8,875	52,445	205,365
2001	2	8,524	48,946	190,427
2001	3	8,375	43,297	164,363
2001	4	8,680	49,122	185,475
2002	1	9,144	53,438	201,099
2002	2	9,023	50,681	189,268
2002	3	8,736	46,904	170,010
2002	4	9,108	52,551	190,684
2003	1	9,807	58,617	208,889
2003	2	9,901	55,053	201,335
2003	3	9,442	50,091	179,305
2003	4	9,905	55,692	201,399
2004	1	10,691	59,905	213,408
2004	2	10,216	54,940	199,853
2004	3	9,901	52,294	182,554
2004	4	10,409	57,497	198,200
2005	1	11,167	61,985	218,467
2005	2	10,743	58,500	200,228
2005	3	10,212	52,223	171,191
2005	4	11,081	59,070	194,185
2006	1	11,175	63,415	215,883
2006	2	10,437	57,909	193,786
2006	3	9,856	52,307	169,362
2006	4	10,755	57,668	189,782
2007	1	11,021	61,048	205,185
2007	2	10,232	55,893	187,265
2007	3	9,669	50,416	162,625
2007	4	9,783	53,267	174,513
2008	1	10,190	57,812	198,018
2008	2	9,606	53,570	179,933
2008	3	9,325	49,188	158,723
2008	4	9,439	54,248	180,183
2009	1	9,994	58,851	196,298
2009	2	9,283	54,011	182,340
2009	3	8,909	49,652	159,156
2009	4	9,162	54,260	177,288
2010	1	9,547	58,015	193,057
2010	2	8,967	53,069	174,456
2010	3	8,537	48,846	156,466
2010	4	8,998	53,500	172,220
2011 (projected)	1	9,282	57,951	191,753
2011 (projected)	2	8,796	52,926	174,632
2011 (projected)	3	8,514	48,407	152,974
2011 (projected)	4	8,858	52,923	170,958
2012 (projected)	1	9,070	57,001	189,256
2012 (projected)	2	8,571	52,435	172,516
2012 (projected)	3	8,298	48,075	151,126
2012 (projected)	4	8,562	52,534	169,057
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	120,235	146,442
2001	2	111,599	136,290
2001	3	95,812	120,218
2001	4	111,283	131,989
2002	1	120,634	143,040
2002	2	113,676	135,294
2002	3	101,854	123,791
2002	4	116,249	136,086
2003	1	128,321	148,989
2003	2	123,040	143,245
2003	3	109,037	129,799
2003	4	124,325	142,669
2004	1	133,621	150,380
2004	2	124,458	140,545
2004	3	113,730	131,004
2004	4	126,647	139,449
2005	1	139,813	151,789
2005	2	129,195	140,259
2005	3	112,592	121,023
2005	4	128,289	136,040
2006	1	140,614	149,846
2006	2	126,820	135,304
2006	3	111,511	119,996
2006	4	125,902	132,282
2007	1	135,463	141,779
2007	2	123,672	129,711
2007	3	107,147	115,553
2007	4	116,627	120,912
2008	1	130,560	135,447
2008	2	119,835	123,271
2008	3	106,784	110,448
2008	4	120,269	123,597
2009	1	130,799	134,342
2009	2	120,755	124,876
2009	3	106,472	111,240
2009	4	118,739	121,967
2010	1	129,028	131,584
2010	2	117,091	119,393
2010	3	105,429	108,433
2010	4	116,864	117,879
2011 (projected)	1	129,526	129,469
2011 (projected)	2	118,139	118,481
2011 (projected)	3	104,684	106,132
2011 (projected)	4	116,894	116,538
2012 (projected)	1	128,637	127,343
2012 (projected)	2	117,977	116,497
2012 (projected)	3	104,585	104,385
2012 (projected)	4	116,621	114,639
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for discharges with CHF increased from about $7,500 in 2001 to $11,500 in 2010. The average hospital cost is projected to continue to increase slightly in 2011 and 2012 to about $12,000 at the end of 2012.
• The two youngest age groups had similar average hospital cost, increasing from about $8,500 in 2001 to $13,500 in 2010. Adults age 65 and older had the lowest average hospital cost, increasing from about $7,000 in 2001 to $10,500 in 2010.
• The average hospital cost was about $1,500 higher for males than for females. Males had an average hospital cost that increased from about $8,000 in 2001 to $12,500 in 2010. Females had an average hospital cost that increased from about $7,000 in 2001 to $10,500 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $7,500 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $9,500 in 2010. By 2010, the average hospital cost exceeded the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$7,319	$7,316	$7,595	$7,861
2002	$8,017	$8,146	$8,457	$8,808
2003	$8,915	$8,891	$9,031	$9,372
2004	$9,577	$9,602	$9,796	$9,950
2005	$10,236	$10,406	$10,157	$10,158
2006	$10,437	$10,383	$10,497	$10,564
2007	$10,608	$10,549	$10,707	$10,640
2008	$10,848	$10,851	$10,971	$10,956
2009	$10,940	$10,796	$10,811	$10,887
2010	$11,376	$11,303	$11,490	$11,555
2011 (projected)	$11,641	$11,680	$11,720	$11,853
2012 (projected)	$11,969	$12,034	$12,105	$12,234
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$8,293	$8,178	$7,073
2001	2	$8,299	$8,485	$6,982
2001	3	$8,985	$8,785	$7,236
2001	4	$8,854	$8,763	$7,594
2002	1	$8,945	$9,082	$7,714
2002	2	$9,217	$9,218	$7,823
2002	3	$9,591	$9,548	$8,120
2002	4	$9,798	$10,082	$8,442
2003	1	$10,066	$10,206	$8,552
2003	2	$9,586	$10,059	$8,574
2003	3	$10,098	$10,228	$8,671
2003	4	$10,157	$10,654	$9,013
2004	1	$10,597	$10,811	$9,210
2004	2	$10,160	$11,114	$9,185
2004	3	$10,480	$11,132	$9,409
2004	4	$11,308	$11,433	$9,496
2005	1	$11,200	$11,713	$9,810
2005	2	$11,402	$11,856	$9,969
2005	3	$10,838	$11,638	$9,702
2005	4	$11,393	$11,589	$9,692
2006	1	$11,726	$11,972	$9,959
2006	2	$11,784	$12,011	$9,872
2006	3	$12,045	$11,957	$9,993
2006	4	$11,822	$12,177	$10,052
2007	1	$12,491	$12,130	$10,097
2007	2	$12,326	$12,146	$10,019
2007	3	$12,788	$12,327	$10,118
2007	4	$12,350	$12,347	$10,069
2008	1	$13,559	$12,613	$10,242
2008	2	$13,447	$12,774	$10,188
2008	3	$13,054	$12,964	$10,285
2008	4	$13,577	$12,816	$10,323
2009	1	$12,966	$12,770	$10,335
2009	2	$13,570	$12,675	$10,168
2009	3	$13,302	$12,689	$10,146
2009	4	$13,246	$12,769	$10,235
2010	1	$13,772	$13,291	$10,732
2010	2	$14,614	$13,307	$10,577
2010	3	$13,851	$13,649	$10,732
2010	4	$13,862	$13,468	$10,884
2011 (projected)	1	$14,483	$13,575	$10,976
2011 (projected)	2	$14,903	$13,554	$10,945
2011 (projected)	3	$14,648	$13,611	$11,022
2011 (projected)	4	$14,870	$13,749	$11,115
2012 (projected)	1	$15,016	$13,863	$11,273
2012 (projected)	2	$15,328	$13,985	$11,249
2012 (projected)	3	$15,488	$14,079	$11,351
2012 (projected)	4	$15,552	$14,183	$11,431
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$7,625	$7,070
2001	2	$7,699	$7,001
2001	3	$8,023	$7,251
2001	4	$8,257	$7,527
2002	1	$8,450	$7,655
2002	2	$8,627	$7,744
2002	3	$9,005	$8,007
2002	4	$9,381	$8,320
2003	1	$9,497	$8,415
2003	2	$9,503	$8,365
2003	3	$9,737	$8,432
2003	4	$10,090	$8,740
2004	1	$10,299	$8,938
2004	2	$10,415	$8,881
2004	3	$10,674	$9,032
2004	4	$10,815	$9,167
2005	1	$11,121	$9,424
2005	2	$11,406	$9,477
2005	3	$11,152	$9,228
2005	4	$11,015	$9,347
2006	1	$11,352	$9,572
2006	2	$11,319	$9,495
2006	3	$11,449	$9,612
2006	4	$11,404	$9,763
2007	1	$11,440	$9,815
2007	2	$11,396	$9,734
2007	3	$11,683	$9,791
2007	4	$11,441	$9,866
2008	1	$11,634	$10,091
2008	2	$11,698	$10,022
2008	3	$11,932	$10,037
2008	4	$11,713	$10,215
2009	1	$11,773	$10,140
2009	2	$11,578	$10,043
2009	3	$11,670	$9,976
2009	4	$11,678	$10,125
2010	1	$12,140	$10,631
2010	2	$12,155	$10,466
2010	3	$12,460	$10,544
2010	4	$12,379	$10,740
2011 (projected)	1	$12,430	$10,846
2011 (projected)	2	$12,513	$10,810
2011 (projected)	3	$12,517	$10,855
2011 (projected)	4	$12,597	$11,009
2012 (projected)	1	$12,675	$11,140
2012 (projected)	2	$12,779	$11,146
2012 (projected)	3	$12,831	$11,219
2012 (projected)	4	$12,910	$11,349
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with CHF was relatively stable between 2001 and 2010 at 5.6 days. Length of stay is projected to decrease slightly to 5.3 days in 2011 and 2012.
• Length of stay was similar for all three age groups, remaining relatively stable between 2001 and 2010 at 5.5 days.
• Length of stay was similar for males and females, remaining relatively stable at 5.6 days.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.7
2002	6.0	5.8	5.7	5.7
2003	6.0	5.7	5.7	5.7
2004	6.0	5.7	5.6	5.6
2005	5.8	5.6	5.4	5.4
2006	5.7	5.5	5.4	5.5
2007	5.7	5.5	5.4	5.4
2008	5.7	5.4	5.4	5.4
2009	5.6	5.4	5.3	5.3
2010	5.5	5.3	5.3	5.3
2011 (projected)	5.4	5.3	5.2	5.2
2012 (projected)	5.4	5.3	5.2	5.2
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	5.6	5.8	6.0
2001	2	5.4	5.8	5.8
2001	3	5.6	5.8	5.8
2001	4	5.4	5.6	5.8
2002	1	5.6	5.9	6.0
2002	2	5.5	5.7	5.8
2002	3	5.4	5.7	5.8
2002	4	5.5	5.7	5.7
2003	1	5.8	6.0	6.0
2003	2	5.3	5.7	5.8
2003	3	5.4	5.6	5.7
2003	4	5.4	5.6	5.7
2004	1	5.7	6.0	6.0
2004	2	5.3	5.7	5.7
2004	3	5.2	5.6	5.7
2004	4	5.4	5.7	5.7
2005	1	5.4	5.8	5.9
2005	2	5.3	5.6	5.7
2005	3	5.0	5.3	5.5
2005	4	5.3	5.4	5.5
2006	1	5.3	5.6	5.7
2006	2	5.2	5.4	5.5
2006	3	5.3	5.3	5.5
2006	4	5.2	5.4	5.5
2007	1	5.6	5.6	5.7
2007	2	5.3	5.4	5.5
2007	3	5.3	5.4	5.4
2007	4	5.2	5.4	5.4
2008	1	5.6	5.7	5.6
2008	2	5.5	5.6	5.4
2008	3	5.3	5.5	5.4
2008	4	5.3	5.5	5.4
2009	1	5.4	5.6	5.5
2009	2	5.5	5.5	5.3
2009	3	5.4	5.3	5.2
2009	4	5.4	5.4	5.3
2010	1	5.5	5.6	5.5
2010	2	5.5	5.5	5.3
2010	3	5.3	5.4	5.2
2010	4	5.3	5.4	5.3
2011 (projected)	1	5.4	5.5	5.4
2011 (projected)	2	5.4	5.4	5.2
2011 (projected)	3	5.4	5.4	5.1
2011 (projected)	4	5.4	5.4	5.2
2012 (projected)	1	5.4	5.5	5.4
2012 (projected)	2	5.5	5.4	5.2
2012 (projected)	3	5.5	5.4	5.1
2012 (projected)	4	5.5	5.4	5.1
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	5.9	6.0
2001	2	5.7	5.8
2001	3	5.8	5.8
2001	4	5.7	5.7
2002	1	5.9	6.0
2002	2	5.8	5.8
2002	3	5.7	5.8
2002	4	5.7	5.7
2003	1	5.9	6.0
2003	2	5.7	5.8
2003	3	5.6	5.7
2003	4	5.6	5.8
2004	1	5.9	6.0
2004	2	5.6	5.8
2004	3	5.5	5.7
2004	4	5.6	5.7
2005	1	5.7	5.9
2005	2	5.5	5.7
2005	3	5.3	5.5
2005	4	5.3	5.5
2006	1	5.6	5.8
2006	2	5.4	5.6
2006	3	5.4	5.5
2006	4	5.4	5.5
2007	1	5.6	5.8
2007	2	5.4	5.6
2007	3	5.4	5.5
2007	4	5.4	5.5
2008	1	5.6	5.7
2008	2	5.4	5.5
2008	3	5.4	5.4
2008	4	5.3	5.4
2009	1	5.5	5.6
2009	2	5.3	5.4
2009	3	5.3	5.3
2009	4	5.3	5.3
2010	1	5.4	5.5
2010	2	5.3	5.3
2010	3	5.3	5.2
2010	4	5.3	5.3
2011 (projected)	1	5.4	5.5
2011 (projected)	2	5.3	5.3
2011 (projected)	3	5.2	5.2
2011 (projected)	4	5.3	5.2
2012 (projected)	1	5.4	5.4
2012 (projected)	2	5.3	5.2
2012 (projected)	3	5.2	5.1
2012 (projected)	4	5.3	5.2
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with CHF decreased over time, from 4.9 percent in 2001 to 3.3 percent in 2010. The mortality rate is projected to remain relatively stable at 3.2 percent in 2011 and 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest mortality rate, at 5.6 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 3.9 percent in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest mortality rate, at 2.6 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 1.6 percent in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest morality rate, at 2.1 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 1.4 percent in 2010.
• The mortality rate was similar for males and females, decreasing from 4.9 percent in 2001 to 3.3 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	5.2	4.7	4.8	4.7
2002	5.2	4.5	4.4	4.6
2003	4.6	4.3	4.2	4.5
2004	4.7	4.1	4.1	4.2
2005	4.6	3.9	3.5	3.7
2006	4.0	3.6	3.5	3.7
2007	3.8	3.4	3.4	3.5
2008	3.9	3.3	3.2	3.5
2009	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.4
2010	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.3
2011 (projected)	3.5	3.2	3.1	3.2
2012 (projected)	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.2
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	2.1	2.7	6.0
2001	2	1.9	2.6	5.4
2001	3	2.2	2.4	5.6
2001	4	2.1	2.5	5.5
2002	1	2.1	2.7	6.1
2002	2	1.8	2.3	5.2
2002	3	2.0	2.2	5.1
2002	4	1.7	2.5	5.3
2003	1	1.8	2.4	5.4
2003	2	1.4	2.2	5.0
2003	3	1.9	2.2	4.9
2003	4	1.9	2.4	5.3
2004	1	2.1	2.4	5.5
2004	2	1.6	2.2	4.7
2004	3	1.5	2.2	4.7
2004	4	2.0	2.3	4.8
2005	1	1.7	2.3	5.4
2005	2	1.7	1.9	4.6
2005	3	1.3	1.7	4.1
2005	4	1.4	1.7	4.4
2006	1	1.4	1.9	4.7
2006	2	1.5	1.8	4.3
2006	3	1.6	1.7	4.2
2006	4	1.5	1.7	4.4
2007	1	1.7	1.8	4.5
2007	2	1.6	1.6	4.1
2007	3	1.3	1.7	4.0
2007	4	1.4	1.7	4.2
2008	1	1.8	1.8	4.5
2008	2	1.5	1.7	3.8
2008	3	1.4	1.7	3.8
2008	4	1.6	1.6	4.1
2009	1	1.3	1.7	4.3
2009	2	1.6	1.6	3.8
2009	3	1.4	1.5	3.8
2009	4	1.7	1.7	4.0
2010	1	1.5	1.7	4.1
2010	2	1.2	1.6	3.8
2010	3	1.5	1.6	3.8
2010	4	1.3	1.6	4.0
2011 (projected)	1	1.2	1.5	4.1
2011 (projected)	2	1.2	1.5	3.8
2011 (projected)	3	1.1	1.5	3.7
2011 (projected)	4	1.1	1.5	3.8
2012 (projected)	1	1.0	1.5	4.0
2012 (projected)	2	1.0	1.5	3.7
2012 (projected)	3	1.0	1.5	3.6
2012 (projected)	4	1.0	1.5	3.8
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	5.4	5.1
2001	2	5.0	4.5
2001	3	5.0	4.7
2001	4	5.0	4.5
2002	1	5.4	5.1
2002	2	4.7	4.3
2002	3	4.5	4.2
2002	4	4.9	4.3
2003	1	4.8	4.5
2003	2	4.4	4.2
2003	3	4.3	4.1
2003	4	4.5	4.5
2004	1	4.7	4.6
2004	2	4.2	4.0
2004	3	4.1	4.1
2004	4	4.3	4.0
2005	1	4.4	4.8
2005	2	4.0	3.9
2005	3	3.5	3.4
2005	4	3.7	3.7
2006	1	3.9	4.0
2006	2	3.6	3.7
2006	3	3.5	3.5
2006	4	3.6	3.7
2007	1	3.8	3.8
2007	2	3.4	3.5
2007	3	3.3	3.4
2007	4	3.6	3.5
2008	1	3.8	3.9
2008	2	3.3	3.3
2008	3	3.2	3.2
2008	4	3.5	3.5
2009	1	3.6	3.6
2009	2	3.2	3.3
2009	3	3.2	3.2
2009	4	3.5	3.3
2010	1	3.4	3.5
2010	2	3.3	3.2
2010	3	3.3	3.2
2010	4	3.3	3.3
2011 (projected)	1	3.4	3.5
2011 (projected)	2	3.2	3.2
2011 (projected)	3	3.2	3.1
2011 (projected)	4	3.2	3.2
2012 (projected)	1	3.3	3.4
2012 (projected)	2	3.1	3.2
2012 (projected)	3	3.1	3.1
2012 (projected)	4	3.2	3.2
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Stroke and Acute Cerebrovascular Disease

Acute cerebrovascular disease refers to conditions that cause either temporary or permanent central nerve system injury. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts. When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it needs, which results in either temporary or permanent injury to the brain. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges with a principal diagnosis of stroke and cerebrovascular disease are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of stroke and acute cerebrovascular disease discharges was relatively stable between 2001 and 2010, at about 133,000 discharges per quarter. Discharges are projected to be about 142,000 discharges per quarter in 2011 and 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest discharges, remaining relatively stable at about 92,000 discharges per quarter. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest discharges, at about 31,000 discharges per quarter in 2001 and increasing to 40,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest discharges, remaining relatively stable at about 7,000 discharges per quarter.
• Females had about 10,000 more discharges per quarter than did males, and discharges remained relatively stable for both genders over time. Females had about 71,500 discharges per quarter. Males had about 61,500 discharges per quarter.

Number of Discharges for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	142,746	138,677	133,745	136,887
2002	138,739	136,730	132,673	134,712
2003	134,646	134,117	131,345	133,110
2004	134,093	130,695	127,891	131,691
2005	132,489	130,681	128,379	129,823
2006	132,241	130,220	127,146	129,904
2007	131,955	130,552	125,600	129,421
2008	133,836	130,452	129,665	132,963
2009	134,783	133,979	132,475	135,431
2010	137,919	138,753	136,486	139,099
2011 (projected)	142,533	140,835	139,179	141,278
2012 (projected)	143,934	142,428	140,944	143,225
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	6,388	30,944	105,413
2001	2	6,522	31,048	101,108
2001	3	6,477	31,228	96,040
2001	4	6,408	30,995	99,484
2002	1	6,354	31,750	100,635
2002	2	6,518	32,037	98,175
2002	3	6,617	31,886	94,170
2002	4	6,590	31,812	96,311
2003	1	6,423	31,925	96,298
2003	2	6,891	32,557	94,669
2003	3	6,747	32,574	92,024
2003	4	6,728	32,416	93,967
2004	1	6,564	33,018	94,511
2004	2	6,883	33,076	90,736
2004	3	6,876	32,819	88,196
2004	4	6,730	33,502	91,459
2005	1	6,693	33,341	92,455
2005	2	6,890	33,554	90,237
2005	3	7,276	34,269	86,834
2005	4	6,854	33,805	89,164
2006	1	6,929	34,394	90,918
2006	2	7,017	35,288	87,915
2006	3	7,032	34,652	85,462
2006	4	7,029	34,856	88,019
2007	1	6,807	35,366	89,782
2007	2	7,019	36,337	87,196
2007	3	6,892	35,402	83,306
2007	4	7,008	35,401	87,012
2008	1	6,841	36,481	90,514
2008	2	6,837	36,461	87,154
2008	3	7,040	37,047	85,578
2008	4	6,802	36,563	89,598
2009	1	6,768	37,293	90,722
2009	2	7,015	38,138	88,826
2009	3	7,159	38,306	87,011
2009	4	6,755	37,971	90,705
2010	1	6,911	38,770	92,235
2010	2	7,234	40,408	91,121
2010	3	7,253	40,349	88,896
2010	4	6,929	39,520	92,641
2011 (projected)	1	7,258	41,295	94,248
2011 (projected)	2	7,270	41,503	92,287
2011 (projected)	3	7,166	41,288	90,212
2011 (projected)	4	7,179	41,454	92,730
2012 (projected)	1	7,207	42,138	94,703
2012 (projected)	2	7,235	42,511	92,563
2012 (projected)	3	7,265	42,567	90,583
2012 (projected)	4	7,270	42,803	93,199
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	63,307	79,436
2001	2	61,628	77,044
2001	3	59,609	74,132
2001	4	60,876	76,006
2002	1	61,672	77,066
2002	2	60,871	75,855
2002	3	59,500	73,168
2002	4	59,837	74,870
2003	1	60,536	74,107
2003	2	61,039	73,077
2003	3	59,639	71,704
2003	4	60,171	72,936
2004	1	60,710	73,382
2004	2	59,698	70,985
2004	3	58,996	68,886
2004	4	59,668	72,008
2005	1	60,989	71,483
2005	2	60,829	69,834
2005	3	59,718	68,653
2005	4	60,094	69,724
2006	1	61,205	71,027
2006	2	60,796	69,416
2006	3	59,625	67,509
2006	4	60,466	69,420
2007	1	61,666	70,283
2007	2	61,345	69,202
2007	3	59,409	66,184
2007	4	60,090	69,311
2008	1	62,411	71,418
2008	2	61,433	69,015
2008	3	61,314	68,343
2008	4	62,085	70,873
2009	1	63,654	71,125
2009	2	63,784	70,193
2009	3	62,978	69,491
2009	4	63,978	71,447
2010	1	65,952	71,973
2010	2	66,681	72,080
2010	3	65,629	70,863
2010	4	66,318	72,786
2011 (projected)	1	68,372	74,144
2011 (projected)	2	67,792	72,845
2011 (projected)	3	66,954	71,631
2011 (projected)	4	67,794	72,804
2012 (projected)	1	69,376	73,765
2012 (projected)	2	68,652	72,658
2012 (projected)	3	68,063	71,775
2012 (projected)	4	69,033	72,905
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for discharges with stroke and acute cerebrovascular disease increased over time, from about $9,500 in 2001 to $15,000 in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the average hospital cost projected to be about $16,500 at the end of 2012.
• The average hospital cost was highest for adults ages 18 to 44, increasing from about $16,500 in 2001 to $24,000 in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest average hospital cost, at about $12,500 in 2001 and increasing to $18,500 in 2010. Adults age 65 and older had the lowest average hospital cost, at about $8,500 in 2001 and increasing to $12,500 in 2010.
• The average hospital cost was similar for males and females, increasing from about $9,500 in 2001 to $15,000 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $9,500 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $12,000 in 2010. By 2010, the average hospital cost exceeded the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$9,430	$9,412	$9,714	$10,129
2002	$9,934	$9,911	$10,287	$10,840
2003	$10,765	$10,547	$10,798	$11,220
2004	$11,283	$10,988	$11,167	$11,569
2005	$11,736	$11,714	$11,711	$12,114
2006	$12,492	$12,404	$12,549	$13,084
2007	$13,159	$13,053	$13,032	$13,764
2008	$13,924	$13,743	$13,862	$14,423
2009	$14,088	$13,680	$13,867	$14,355
2010	$14,717	$14,521	$14,641	$15,171
2011 (projected)	$15,325	$15,091	$15,312	$15,778
2012 (projected)	$15,895	$15,765	$15,947	$16,424
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$15,971	$12,171	$8,242
2001	2	$16,409	$11,994	$8,201
2001	3	$16,706	$12,293	$8,438
2001	4	$17,910	$13,095	$8,739
2002	1	$16,447	$12,612	$8,703
2002	2	$16,545	$12,643	$8,628
2002	3	$17,298	$12,871	$8,944
2002	4	$18,405	$13,641	$9,442
2003	1	$17,857	$13,685	$9,354
2003	2	$16,984	$13,388	$9,131
2003	3	$17,777	$13,470	$9,380
2003	4	$18,603	$14,352	$9,648
2004	1	$18,153	$14,256	$9,793
2004	2	$17,945	$13,638	$9,522
2004	3	$18,280	$14,037	$9,577
2004	4	$18,527	$14,576	$9,985
2005	1	$19,524	$15,023	$10,025
2005	2	$18,895	$14,538	$10,135
2005	3	$19,201	$14,539	$10,017
2005	4	$18,857	$15,361	$10,410
2006	1	$20,259	$15,796	$10,692
2006	2	$19,217	$15,532	$10,634
2006	3	$20,532	$15,666	$10,679
2006	4	$20,600	$16,662	$11,096
2007	1	$21,928	$16,760	$11,115
2007	2	$21,570	$16,393	$11,020
2007	3	$20,846	$16,044	$11,147
2007	4	$23,338	$16,980	$11,731
2008	1	$23,217	$17,634	$11,791
2008	2	$22,040	$17,341	$11,652
2008	3	$22,517	$17,304	$11,722
2008	4	$23,301	$18,250	$12,224
2009	1	$22,581	$17,793	$11,978
2009	2	$22,247	$17,104	$11,596
2009	3	$23,157	$17,002	$11,784
2009	4	$23,130	$18,112	$12,164
2010	1	$23,695	$18,623	$12,444
2010	2	$23,343	$17,942	$12,346
2010	3	$23,533	$17,975	$12,462
2010	4	$24,448	$19,049	$12,864
2011 (projected)	1	$24,177	$19,054	$13,031
2011 (projected)	2	$24,232	$18,564	$12,876
2011 (projected)	3	$24,612	$18,829	$13,013
2011 (projected)	4	$25,107	$19,531	$13,360
2012 (projected)	1	$25,202	$19,685	$13,444
2012 (projected)	2	$25,367	$19,386	$13,392
2012 (projected)	3	$25,527	$19,505	$13,536
2012 (projected)	4	$26,009	$20,214	$13,877
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$9,789	$9,147
2001	2	$9,920	$9,006
2001	3	$10,059	$9,439
2001	4	$10,529	$9,808
2002	1	$10,306	$9,636
2002	2	$10,350	$9,559
2002	3	$10,703	$9,949
2002	4	$11,313	$10,465
2003	1	$11,195	$10,418
2003	2	$10,956	$10,203
2003	3	$11,158	$10,500
2003	4	$11,655	$10,860
2004	1	$11,831	$10,833
2004	2	$11,319	$10,704
2004	3	$11,447	$10,928
2004	4	$12,028	$11,190
2005	1	$12,252	$11,295
2005	2	$12,063	$11,411
2005	3	$12,065	$11,405
2005	4	$12,592	$11,707
2006	1	$13,064	$11,998
2006	2	$12,744	$12,107
2006	3	$12,941	$12,203
2006	4	$13,511	$12,706
2007	1	$13,569	$12,801
2007	2	$13,475	$12,681
2007	3	$13,451	$12,657
2007	4	$14,213	$13,377
2008	1	$14,439	$13,481
2008	2	$14,336	$13,217
2008	3	$14,237	$13,523
2008	4	$14,988	$13,938
2009	1	$14,551	$13,683
2009	2	$14,093	$13,304
2009	3	$14,265	$13,498
2009	4	$14,860	$13,905
2010	1	$15,302	$14,178
2010	2	$14,934	$14,138
2010	3	$15,084	$14,231
2010	4	$15,657	$14,728
2011 (projected)	1	$15,796	$14,843
2011 (projected)	2	$15,518	$14,774
2011 (projected)	3	$15,699	$15,029
2011 (projected)	4	$16,183	$15,291
2012 (projected)	1	$16,321	$15,423
2012 (projected)	2	$16,251	$15,443
2012 (projected)	3	$16,349	$15,626
2012 (projected)	4	$16,802	$15,898
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with stroke and acute cerebrovascular disease decreased over time, from 6.9 days in 2001 to 6.1 days in 2010. Length of stay is projected to continue to decrease to 5.8 days in 2012.
• Adults ages 18 to 44 had the longest length of stay, at 8.5 days in 2001 and decreasing to 7.6 days in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next longest length of stay, remaining relatively stable at 7.3 days between 2001 and 2010. Adults age 65 and older had the shortest length of stay, at 6.6 days in 2001 and decreasing to 5.6 days in 2010.
• Length of stay was similar for males and females, decreasing from 6.9 days in 2001 to 6.1 days in 2010.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	7.1	6.8	6.8	6.8
2002	7.0	6.7	6.7	6.8
2003	6.9	6.6	6.6	6.6
2004	6.9	6.6	6.5	6.6
2005	6.8	6.6	6.4	6.5
2006	6.7	6.5	6.5	6.6
2007	6.7	6.5	6.4	6.6
2008	6.7	6.4	6.3	6.4
2009	6.4	6.1	6.0	6.1
2010	6.2	6.0	6.0	6.1
2011 (projected)	6.1	5.9	5.8	5.9
2012 (projected)	6.0	5.8	5.7	5.8
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	8.4	7.7	6.8
2001	2	8.6	7.4	6.5
2001	3	8.4	7.4	6.6
2001	4	8.6	7.4	6.5
2002	1	8.4	7.5	6.7
2002	2	8.1	7.3	6.4
2002	3	8.2	7.2	6.4
2002	4	8.6	7.4	6.5
2003	1	8.5	7.6	6.5
2003	2	8.0	7.2	6.3
2003	3	8.1	7.1	6.3
2003	4	8.4	7.3	6.3
2004	1	8.4	7.7	6.6
2004	2	8.1	7.2	6.2
2004	3	8.2	7.2	6.2
2004	4	8.0	7.4	6.3
2005	1	8.5	7.6	6.3
2005	2	8.2	7.3	6.2
2005	3	8.0	7.1	6.0
2005	4	7.8	7.3	6.1
2006	1	8.5	7.5	6.3
2006	2	7.8	7.2	6.1
2006	3	8.1	7.3	6.1
2006	4	8.3	7.5	6.1
2007	1	8.4	7.6	6.2
2007	2	8.4	7.3	6.0
2007	3	7.9	7.0	6.0
2007	4	8.4	7.3	6.1
2008	1	8.5	7.6	6.2
2008	2	7.9	7.2	5.9
2008	3	7.9	7.1	5.8
2008	4	8.3	7.3	5.9
2009	1	8.0	7.3	5.9
2009	2	8.0	6.9	5.6
2009	3	7.7	6.8	5.6
2009	4	7.8	7.0	5.7
2010	1	7.7	7.2	5.7
2010	2	7.4	6.8	5.5
2010	3	7.7	6.8	5.5
2010	4	7.7	6.9	5.6
2011 (projected)	1	7.6	7.0	5.6
2011 (projected)	2	7.5	6.7	5.4
2011 (projected)	3	7.6	6.8	5.4
2011 (projected)	4	7.6	6.9	5.5
2012 (projected)	1	7.7	7.0	5.5
2012 (projected)	2	7.6	6.8	5.3
2012 (projected)	3	7.6	6.8	5.3
2012 (projected)	4	7.5	6.9	5.4
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	7.1	7.0
2001	2	6.9	6.7
2001	3	6.9	6.8
2001	4	6.9	6.8
2002	1	7.0	6.9
2002	2	6.8	6.6
2002	3	6.8	6.7
2002	4	6.9	6.8
2003	1	6.9	6.8
2003	2	6.7	6.5
2003	3	6.6	6.5
2003	4	6.7	6.6
2004	1	7.1	6.8
2004	2	6.6	6.5
2004	3	6.5	6.5
2004	4	6.8	6.5
2005	1	6.9	6.7
2005	2	6.7	6.5
2005	3	6.5	6.4
2005	4	6.6	6.4
2006	1	6.8	6.6
2006	2	6.6	6.5
2006	3	6.5	6.4
2006	4	6.7	6.6
2007	1	6.8	6.6
2007	2	6.6	6.4
2007	3	6.4	6.3
2007	4	6.6	6.5
2008	1	6.8	6.6
2008	2	6.5	6.3
2008	3	6.4	6.2
2008	4	6.5	6.3
2009	1	6.5	6.3
2009	2	6.2	6.0
2009	3	6.1	6.0
2009	4	6.3	6.0
2010	1	6.3	6.1
2010	2	6.1	5.9
2010	3	6.1	5.9
2010	4	6.2	5.9
2011 (projected)	1	6.2	6.0
2011 (projected)	2	6.0	5.8
2011 (projected)	3	5.9	5.8
2011 (projected)	4	6.0	5.9
2012 (projected)	1	6.1	5.9
2012 (projected)	2	5.9	5.8
2012 (projected)	3	5.8	5.8
2012 (projected)	4	6.0	5.8
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with stroke and acute cerebrovascular disease decreased over time, from 11.5 percent in 2001 to 9.2 percent in 2010. The mortality rate is projected to continue to decrease to 8.6 percent in 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest mortality rate, at 12.0 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 10.0 percent in 2010. The mortality rate was 2.0 percentage points higher for adults ages 18 to 44 in 2001 (11.6 percent) than for adults ages 45 to 64 (9.6 percent). However, this initial difference disappeared over time, with both of the younger age groups having a mortality rate around 7.3 percent in 2010.
• The mortality rate was similar for males and females, decreasing from 11.5 percent in 2001 to 9.1 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	12.0	11.0	11.1	11.7
2002	12.1	10.9	10.8	11.9
2003	12.0	11.0	10.6	11.9
2004	11.6	10.8	10.8	11.3
2005	11.7	10.6	10.0	10.9
2006	10.9	9.9	9.9	10.4
2007	10.3	9.8	9.5	10.2
2008	10.2	9.5	9.3	10.1
2009	10.1	9.1	9.0	9.6
2010	9.6	8.9	8.7	9.4
2011 (projected)	9.2	8.6	8.5	9.0
2012 (projected)	9.0	8.4	8.3	8.7
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	11.9	9.8	12.6
2001	2	11.3	9.1	11.6
2001	3	11.2	9.6	11.6
2001	4	11.8	9.9	12.3
2002	1	11.8	10.1	12.8
2002	2	10.7	9.1	11.6
2002	3	10.5	8.7	11.6
2002	4	11.8	9.9	12.6
2003	1	11.3	10.1	12.8
2003	2	10.5	9.1	11.6
2003	3	10.3	8.8	11.2
2003	4	11.2	9.9	12.7
2004	1	10.8	9.7	12.3
2004	2	9.6	9.0	11.5
2004	3	9.9	9.3	11.4
2004	4	10.2	9.5	12.0
2005	1	10.3	9.8	12.4
2005	2	9.3	8.8	11.3
2005	3	8.6	8.0	10.9
2005	4	9.2	9.2	11.7
2006	1	9.4	9.1	11.7
2006	2	8.6	8.3	10.7
2006	3	8.7	8.2	10.7
2006	4	8.2	8.7	11.2
2007	1	8.9	8.6	11.1
2007	2	8.3	8.1	10.6
2007	3	8.4	7.7	10.4
2007	4	8.4	8.2	11.1
2008	1	8.5	8.3	11.0
2008	2	7.7	7.5	10.4
2008	3	7.4	7.2	10.3
2008	4	7.6	8.2	11.1
2009	1	8.7	8.0	11.0
2009	2	7.5	7.4	9.9
2009	3	8.0	7.2	9.8
2009	4	7.4	7.9	10.5
2010	1	7.7	7.6	10.5
2010	2	7.2	7.1	9.8
2010	3	7.2	6.9	9.5
2010	4	7.6	7.4	10.3
2011 (projected)	1	6.5	7.2	10.3
2011 (projected)	2	6.8	7.0	9.5
2011 (projected)	3	6.8	6.7	9.4
2011 (projected)	4	6.7	7.1	10.0
2012 (projected)	1	6.6	7.0	10.1
2012 (projected)	2	6.6	6.7	9.5
2012 (projected)	3	6.5	6.5	9.3
2012 (projected)	4	6.5	6.8	9.8
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	11.9	12.1
2001	2	10.9	11.1
2001	3	11.1	11.2
2001	4	11.5	11.9
2002	1	12.0	12.2
2002	2	10.7	11.1
2002	3	10.3	11.3
2002	4	11.8	12.0
2003	1	11.8	12.2
2003	2	10.7	11.2
2003	3	10.5	10.6
2003	4	11.8	12.0
2004	1	11.3	11.8
2004	2	10.4	11.0
2004	3	10.4	11.1
2004	4	10.9	11.5
2005	1	11.4	11.9
2005	2	10.4	10.8
2005	3	9.5	10.5
2005	4	10.6	11.1
2006	1	10.7	11.1
2006	2	9.4	10.4
2006	3	9.4	10.4
2006	4	10.1	10.6
2007	1	10.0	10.7
2007	2	9.2	10.3
2007	3	9.0	10.0
2007	4	10.0	10.4
2008	1	9.8	10.5
2008	2	9.0	9.9
2008	3	8.6	9.9
2008	4	9.6	10.6
2009	1	9.7	10.5
2009	2	8.7	9.4
2009	3	8.7	9.2
2009	4	9.2	10.0
2010	1	9.2	10.0
2010	2	8.5	9.3
2010	3	8.2	9.1
2010	4	9.0	9.7
2011 (projected)	1	8.7	9.5
2011 (projected)	2	8.1	9.0
2011 (projected)	3	8.0	8.9
2011 (projected)	4	8.5	9.3
2012 (projected)	1	8.6	9.3
2012 (projected)	2	8.0	8.9
2012 (projected)	3	7.9	8.8
2012 (projected)	4	8.3	9.1
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Atrial Fibrillation

In atrial fibrillation, instead of the heart contracting and relaxing to a regular rhythm, the upper chambers of the heart beat irregularly and cause blood to move ineffectively into the ventricles. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges with a principal diagnosis of atrial fibrillation are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of atrial fibrillation discharges increased over time, from about 82,000 discharges per quarter in 2001 to 106,500 discharges per quarter in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with quarterly discharges projected to be about 116,500 at the end of 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest discharges, at about 58,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 and increasing to 73,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest discharges, at about 19,000 discharges per quarter in 2001 and increasing to 29,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest discharges, remaining relatively stable at about 5,000 discharges per quarter between 2001 and 2010.
• Females had about 5,000 more discharges per quarter than did males. Females had about 44,000 discharges per quarter in 2001, increasing to 56,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. Males had about 38,000 discharges per quarter in 2001, increasing to 51,000 discharges per quarter in 2010.

Number of Discharges for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	83,387	82,331	79,790	82,866
2002	87,907	84,225	81,531	84,038
2003	83,039	81,815	78,431	82,530
2004	84,324	81,754	80,256	82,801
2005	86,858	84,928	83,383	86,397
2006	92,119	89,299	87,119	90,461
2007	95,181	92,609	89,624	95,959
2008	104,107	100,350	96,741	103,113
2009	107,983	106,606	101,766	104,242
2010	108,469	106,352	102,801	109,334
2011 (projected)	113,369	110,565	107,454	112,266
2012 (projected)	117,180	114,574	111,862	116,266
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	4,444	19,190	59,753
2001	2	4,520	19,065	58,746
2001	3	4,433	18,921	56,435
2001	4	4,727	19,446	58,693
2002	1	4,490	20,758	62,659
2002	2	4,613	19,924	59,688
2002	3	4,694	19,895	56,942
2002	4	4,832	20,602	58,604
2003	1	4,560	20,514	57,965
2003	2	4,632	20,134	57,049
2003	3	4,616	19,519	54,297
2003	4	4,697	20,209	57,624
2004	1	4,754	20,923	58,647
2004	2	4,710	20,759	56,285
2004	3	4,562	20,455	55,239
2004	4	4,607	21,358	56,836
2005	1	4,663	22,248	59,946
2005	2	4,830	22,171	57,928
2005	3	4,830	22,168	56,385
2005	4	4,947	22,806	58,645
2006	1	4,918	24,391	62,810
2006	2	4,849	24,167	60,283
2006	3	4,882	23,734	58,502
2006	4	5,039	24,722	60,701
2007	1	5,169	25,480	64,533
2007	2	5,056	25,258	62,295
2007	3	4,901	24,598	60,126
2007	4	5,039	25,961	64,959
2008	1	4,891	27,147	72,069
2008	2	4,872	27,066	68,412
2008	3	4,930	26,361	65,449
2008	4	5,102	27,558	70,453
2009	1	5,139	28,383	74,462
2009	2	5,048	28,602	72,957
2009	3	4,925	27,690	69,152
2009	4	4,914	28,110	71,218
2010	1	5,124	28,830	74,518
2010	2	4,921	28,609	72,824
2010	3	4,906	28,071	69,826
2010	4	4,949	29,847	74,538
2011 (projected)	1	5,044	29,835	78,491
2011 (projected)	2	5,075	29,975	75,674
2011 (projected)	3	5,057	29,655	73,234
2011 (projected)	4	5,082	30,480	76,676
2012 (projected)	1	5,145	31,005	80,734
2012 (projected)	2	5,149	31,173	78,272
2012 (projected)	3	5,127	31,000	76,133
2012 (projected)	4	5,142	31,665	79,272
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	38,688	44,698
2001	2	37,839	44,490
2001	3	36,630	43,158
2001	4	38,247	44,617
2002	1	40,371	47,530
2002	2	38,928	45,297
2002	3	37,600	43,931
2002	4	39,200	44,836
2003	1	38,400	44,639
2003	2	37,969	43,845
2003	3	36,606	41,825
2003	4	38,189	44,337
2004	1	39,482	44,839
2004	2	38,330	43,421
2004	3	37,580	42,669
2004	4	38,809	43,983
2005	1	40,930	45,921
2005	2	40,214	44,703
2005	3	39,916	43,462
2005	4	40,861	45,531
2006	1	44,030	48,084
2006	2	42,597	46,700
2006	3	42,185	44,930
2006	4	43,392	47,061
2007	1	45,437	49,740
2007	2	44,650	47,955
2007	3	43,265	46,356
2007	4	45,853	50,101
2008	1	49,516	54,590
2008	2	47,920	52,431
2008	3	46,174	50,564
2008	4	49,296	53,817
2009	1	51,096	56,887
2009	2	50,822	55,783
2009	3	48,295	53,468
2009	4	49,315	54,922
2010	1	51,607	56,863
2010	2	50,587	55,765
2010	3	49,461	53,339
2010	4	51,929	57,404
2011 (projected)	1	54,024	59,642
2011 (projected)	2	52,782	57,819
2011 (projected)	3	51,718	56,232
2011 (projected)	4	53,575	59,093
2012 (projected)	1	55,987	61,790
2012 (projected)	2	54,837	60,171
2012 (projected)	3	53,978	58,586
2012 (projected)	4	55,638	61,268
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for discharges with atrial fibrillation increased over time, from about $5,500 in 2001 to $8,500 in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the average hospital cost projected to be about $9,500 at the end of 2012.
• The average hospital cost was similar for the two older age groups, increasing from about $5,500 in 2001 to $9,000 in 2010. The average hospital cost for adults ages 18 to 44 was lower than for the two older age groups but also exhibited an increasing trend, from about $4,000 in 2001 to $7,000 in 2010.
• The average hospital cost was similar for males and females, increasing from about $5,500 in 2001 to $8,500 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $5,500 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $7,000 in 2010. By 2010, the average hospital cost exceeded the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$5,116	$5,213	$5,419	$5,668
2002	$5,765	$5,855	$6,059	$6,345
2003	$6,341	$6,416	$6,419	$6,569
2004	$6,755	$6,706	$6,732	$6,938
2005	$7,170	$7,112	$7,167	$7,368
2006	$7,577	$7,558	$7,742	$7,872
2007	$7,778	$7,766	$7,812	$7,967
2008	$8,135	$8,085	$8,155	$8,357
2009	$8,281	$8,145	$8,141	$8,289
2010	$8,630	$8,561	$8,563	$8,756
2011 (projected)	$8,882	$8,871	$8,951	$9,063
2012 (projected)	$9,158	$9,193	$9,265	$9,378
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$3,587	$4,676	$5,375
2001	2	$3,758	$4,797	$5,464
2001	3	$4,021	$4,874	$5,718
2001	4	$4,214	$5,192	$5,947
2002	1	$4,182	$5,373	$6,012
2002	2	$4,403	$5,262	$6,167
2002	3	$4,622	$5,658	$6,320
2002	4	$4,700	$5,934	$6,626
2003	1	$4,702	$5,927	$6,620
2003	2	$4,756	$6,024	$6,695
2003	3	$4,729	$5,974	$6,731
2003	4	$5,080	$6,252	$6,807
2004	1	$4,964	$6,512	$6,997
2004	2	$5,207	$6,416	$6,942
2004	3	$5,495	$6,538	$6,912
2004	4	$5,465	$6,841	$7,095
2005	1	$5,682	$7,005	$7,354
2005	2	$5,750	$6,955	$7,289
2005	3	$5,872	$7,133	$7,296
2005	4	$5,749	$7,406	$7,491
2006	1	$5,727	$7,489	$7,758
2006	2	$6,067	$7,675	$7,633
2006	3	$6,180	$7,730	$7,883
2006	4	$6,176	$7,904	$8,004
2007	1	$6,069	$7,912	$7,874
2007	2	$6,278	$7,981	$7,810
2007	3	$6,317	$7,932	$7,889
2007	4	$6,483	$8,137	$8,016
2008	1	$6,469	$8,281	$8,200
2008	2	$6,506	$8,287	$8,124
2008	3	$6,636	$8,439	$8,158
2008	4	$6,785	$8,668	$8,350
2009	1	$6,557	$8,509	$8,320
2009	2	$6,632	$8,303	$8,191
2009	3	$6,631	$8,253	$8,208
2009	4	$6,721	$8,647	$8,258
2010	1	$6,714	$8,846	$8,680
2010	2	$6,576	$8,846	$8,590
2010	3	$6,994	$8,897	$8,546
2010	4	$7,018	$9,148	$8,725
2011 (projected)	1	$7,152	$9,191	$8,870
2011 (projected)	2	$7,330	$9,157	$8,859
2011 (projected)	3	$7,298	$9,368	$8,901
2011 (projected)	4	$7,384	$9,511	$9,007
2012 (projected)	1	$7,425	$9,601	$9,096
2012 (projected)	2	$7,526	$9,676	$9,120
2012 (projected)	3	$7,577	$9,785	$9,171
2012 (projected)	4	$7,703	$9,918	$9,274
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$5,049	$5,175
2001	2	$5,156	$5,262
2001	3	$5,419	$5,423
2001	4	$5,656	$5,681
2002	1	$5,792	$5,745
2002	2	$5,998	$5,733
2002	3	$6,122	$6,004
2002	4	$6,366	$6,328
2003	1	$6,438	$6,258
2003	2	$6,574	$6,282
2003	3	$6,517	$6,334
2003	4	$6,689	$6,465
2004	1	$6,858	$6,667
2004	2	$6,857	$6,574
2004	3	$6,894	$6,590
2004	4	$7,221	$6,688
2005	1	$7,403	$6,962
2005	2	$7,399	$6,854
2005	3	$7,445	$6,918
2005	4	$7,671	$7,096
2006	1	$7,890	$7,288
2006	2	$7,899	$7,244
2006	3	$8,103	$7,407
2006	4	$8,234	$7,536
2007	1	$8,049	$7,532
2007	2	$8,073	$7,477
2007	3	$8,224	$7,427
2007	4	$8,305	$7,653
2008	1	$8,417	$7,878
2008	2	$8,405	$7,790
2008	3	$8,603	$7,745
2008	4	$8,729	$8,013
2009	1	$8,719	$7,891
2009	2	$8,495	$7,823
2009	3	$8,580	$7,743
2009	4	$8,724	$7,897
2010	1	$9,045	$8,247
2010	2	$8,994	$8,162
2010	3	$9,005	$8,150
2010	4	$9,224	$8,329
2011 (projected)	1	$9,311	$8,449
2011 (projected)	2	$9,337	$8,421
2011 (projected)	3	$9,423	$8,500
2011 (projected)	4	$9,545	$8,584
2012 (projected)	1	$9,685	$8,665
2012 (projected)	2	$9,733	$8,697
2012 (projected)	3	$9,802	$8,763
2012 (projected)	4	$9,948	$8,843
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with atrial fibrillation vacillated around 3.7 days between 2001 and 2010. Length of stay is projected to vacillate around 3.5 days in 2011 and 2012.
• Length of stay was relatively stable over time for all three age groups. Adults age 65 and older had the longest length of stay at 4.0 days. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next longest length of stay at 3.1 days. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the shortest length of stay at 2.3 days.
• Length of stay was 0.5 days longer for females than for males, and length of stay remained relatively stable over time for both genders. Females had a length of stay of 3.9 days. Males had a length of stay of 3.4 days.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7
2002	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.7
2003	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.7
2004	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.7
2005	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.7
2006	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7
2007	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6
2008	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6
2009	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.5
2010	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.5
2011 (projected)	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.5
2012 (projected)	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.4
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	2.2	3.1	4.1
2001	2	2.2	3.1	4.0
2001	3	2.3	3.0	4.0
2001	4	2.2	3.0	4.0
2002	1	2.3	3.2	4.2
2002	2	2.3	3.1	4.1
2002	3	2.3	3.2	4.0
2002	4	2.2	3.1	4.1
2003	1	2.4	3.2	4.2
2003	2	2.3	3.2	4.1
2003	3	2.3	3.1	4.1
2003	4	2.4	3.1	4.1
2004	1	2.3	3.3	4.3
2004	2	2.3	3.1	4.1
2004	3	2.3	3.1	4.0
2004	4	2.3	3.1	4.0
2005	1	2.4	3.3	4.3
2005	2	2.4	3.2	4.0
2005	3	2.4	3.1	4.0
2005	4	2.3	3.1	4.0
2006	1	2.3	3.2	4.2
2006	2	2.3	3.1	4.0
2006	3	2.3	3.1	4.0
2006	4	2.3	3.1	4.0
2007	1	2.3	3.2	4.1
2007	2	2.3	3.1	4.0
2007	3	2.3	3.1	3.9
2007	4	2.3	3.1	4.0
2008	1	2.3	3.2	4.1
2008	2	2.4	3.1	3.9
2008	3	2.3	3.1	3.8
2008	4	2.2	3.1	3.9
2009	1	2.3	3.2	4.0
2009	2	2.3	3.1	3.9
2009	3	2.3	3.0	3.8
2009	4	2.2	3.1	3.8
2010	1	2.2	3.2	4.0
2010	2	2.2	3.1	3.8
2010	3	2.3	3.1	3.7
2010	4	2.2	3.0	3.8
2011 (projected)	1	2.2	3.1	3.9
2011 (projected)	2	2.2	3.0	3.8
2011 (projected)	3	2.2	3.1	3.7
2011 (projected)	4	2.2	3.1	3.7
2012 (projected)	1	2.2	3.1	3.9
2012 (projected)	2	2.2	3.1	3.7
2012 (projected)	3	2.2	3.1	3.7
2012 (projected)	4	2.2	3.0	3.7
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	3.4	4.0
2001	2	3.4	3.9
2001	3	3.4	3.9
2001	4	3.4	3.9
2002	1	3.6	4.1
2002	2	3.5	4.0
2002	3	3.4	3.9
2002	4	3.4	4.0
2003	1	3.6	4.1
2003	2	3.5	4.0
2003	3	3.4	4.0
2003	4	3.5	4.0
2004	1	3.6	4.2
2004	2	3.5	4.0
2004	3	3.4	3.9
2004	4	3.4	3.9
2005	1	3.6	4.1
2005	2	3.5	3.9
2005	3	3.4	3.9
2005	4	3.4	3.9
2006	1	3.5	4.0
2006	2	3.4	3.9
2006	3	3.4	3.9
2006	4	3.4	3.9
2007	1	3.5	4.0
2007	2	3.4	3.9
2007	3	3.3	3.8
2007	4	3.4	3.9
2008	1	3.6	4.1
2008	2	3.4	3.9
2008	3	3.3	3.8
2008	4	3.3	3.9
2009	1	3.5	3.9
2009	2	3.3	3.8
2009	3	3.3	3.7
2009	4	3.3	3.7
2010	1	3.4	3.9
2010	2	3.3	3.7
2010	3	3.3	3.6
2010	4	3.3	3.7
2011 (projected)	1	3.4	3.8
2011 (projected)	2	3.3	3.7
2011 (projected)	3	3.3	3.6
2011 (projected)	4	3.3	3.7
2012 (projected)	1	3.4	3.8
2012 (projected)	2	3.3	3.7
2012 (projected)	3	3.3	3.6
2012 (projected)	4	3.3	3.6
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with atrial fibrillation decreased over time, from 1.2 percent in 2001 to 0.9 percent in 2010. The mortality rate is projected to remain relatively stable at 0.9 percent in 2011 and 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest mortality rate, at 1.5 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 1.2 percent in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest mortality rate, at 0.5 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 0.4 percent in 2010. The mortality rate for adults ages 18 to 44 vacillated around 0.2 percent between 2001 and 2010.
• The mortality rate was 0.2 percentage points higher for females than for males. Females had a mortality rate that decreased from 1.3 percent in 2001 to 1.0 percent in 2010. Males had a mortality rate that decreased from 1.1 percent in 2001 to 0.8 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2
2002	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.3
2003	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.2
2004	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.2
2005	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.2
2006	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1
2007	1.1	1.0	0.96	1.0
2008	1.2	0.88	0.89	1.1
2009	0.97	0.88	0.91	0.94
2010	0.99	0.92	0.86	0.96
2011 (projected)	0.93	0.90	0.88	0.91
2012 (projected)	0.93	0.89	0.86	0.90
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	0.22	0.50	1.56
2001	2	0.15	0.46	1.51
2001	3	0.04	0.40	1.43
2001	4	0.17	0.45	1.52
2002	1	0.27	0.56	1.79
2002	2	0.18	0.47	1.63
2002	3	0.29	0.39	1.47
2002	4	0.19	0.50	1.66
2003	1	0.19	0.45	1.67
2003	2	0.30	0.38	1.52
2003	3	0.31	0.36	1.50
2003	4	0.23	0.46	1.55
2004	1	0.19	0.51	1.65
2004	2	0.23	0.46	1.43
2004	3	0.22	0.45	1.38
2004	4	0.06	0.44	1.53
2005	1	0.15	0.50	1.81
2005	2	0.14	0.52	1.50
2005	3	0.23	0.43	1.31
2005	4	0.30	0.46	1.52
2006	1	0.16	0.37	1.58
2006	2	0.25	0.39	1.38
2006	3	0.25	0.37	1.47
2006	4	0.17	0.44	1.43
2007	1	0.22	0.43	1.45
2007	2	0.09	0.46	1.34
2007	3	0.20	0.27	1.31
2007	4	0.20	0.38	1.38
2008	1	0.23	0.43	1.49
2008	2	0.31	0.29	1.16
2008	3	0.14	0.31	1.19
2008	4	0.15	0.41	1.39
2009	1	0.38	0.36	1.25
2009	2	0.18	0.32	1.16
2009	3	0.05	0.44	1.16
2009	4	0.27	0.45	1.19
2010	1	0.11	0.37	1.30
2010	2	0.23	0.33	1.20
2010	3	0.08	0.39	1.10
2010	4	0.18	0.39	1.24
2011 (projected)	1	0.04	0.30	1.20
2011 (projected)	2	0.05	0.28	1.16
2011 (projected)	3	0.02	0.29	1.13
2011 (projected)	4	0.03	0.27	1.18
2012 (projected)	1	0.02	0.27	1.19
2012 (projected)	2	0.02	0.27	1.13
2012 (projected)	3	0.02	0.27	1.10
2012 (projected)	4	0.03	0.27	1.15
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	1.1	1.4
2001	2	1.1	1.3
2001	3	1.0	1.2
2001	4	1.1	1.3
2002	1	1.3	1.5
2002	2	1.2	1.4
2002	3	1.0	1.2
2002	4	1.2	1.4
2003	1	1.2	1.4
2003	2	1.0	1.3
2003	3	0.89	1.36
2003	4	1.1	1.3
2004	1	1.1	1.4
2004	2	0.93	1.26
2004	3	0.93	1.21
2004	4	1.1	1.2
2005	1	1.3	1.5
2005	2	1.0	1.3
2005	3	0.92	1.09
2005	4	0.96	1.35
2006	1	0.96	1.37
2006	2	0.93	1.17
2006	3	0.96	1.23
2006	4	0.95	1.21
2007	1	0.95	1.26
2007	2	0.93	1.11
2007	3	0.87	1.05
2007	4	0.95	1.13
2008	1	1.1	1.2
2008	2	0.74	1.02
2008	3	0.79	0.98
2008	4	0.93	1.19
2009	1	0.88	1.05
2009	2	0.81	0.96
2009	3	0.82	0.98
2009	4	0.79	1.08
2010	1	0.87	1.11
2010	2	0.80	1.02
2010	3	0.75	0.95
2010	4	0.82	1.08
2011 (projected)	1	0.78	1.06
2011 (projected)	2	0.76	1.02
2011 (projected)	3	0.74	1.03
2011 (projected)	4	0.78	1.04
2012 (projected)	1	0.77	1.07
2012 (projected)	2	0.75	1.06
2012 (projected)	3	0.75	1.09
2012 (projected)	4	0.77	1.14
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Procedures

Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular procedures consist of a range of surgeries including, but not limited to, coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, aortic resection, and carotid endarterctomy. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges that had a cardiovascular/cerebrovascular procedure are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of discharges for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular procedures increased from 1.0 million discharges per quarter in 2001 to 1.2 million discharges per quarter in 2006, and then remained relatively stable through 2010. Discharges are projected to remain relatively stable at about this same level in 2011 and 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest discharges, at about 551,500 discharges per quarter in 2001, increasing to 638,000 discharges per quarter in 2006, and then remaining relatively stable through 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest discharges, at about 360,500 discharges per quarter in 2001, increasing to 451,500 discharges per quarter in 2006, and then remaining relatively stable through 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest discharges, at about 116,500 discharges per quarter in 2001, increasing to 144,500 discharges per quarter in 2006, and then remaining relatively stable through 2010.
• Males had about 96,500 more discharges per quarter than did females. Males had about 562,000 discharges per quarter in 2001, increasing to 670,500 discharges per quarter in 2006, and then remaining relatively stable through 2010. Females had about 466,500 discharges per quarter in 2001, increasing to 564,000 discharges per quarter in 2006, and remaining relatively stable through 2010.

Number of Discharges for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	1,044,073	1,036,487	1,012,528	1,021,663
2002	1,071,761	1,089,382	1,082,044	1,086,715
2003	1,108,503	1,135,059	1,132,913	1,137,403
2004	1,180,885	1,171,871	1,172,299	1,173,508
2005	1,206,380	1,218,129	1,200,576	1,190,871
2006	1,245,867	1,245,199	1,227,311	1,219,264
2007	1,261,403	1,234,374	1,210,608	1,204,338
2008	1,260,736	1,248,213	1,225,933	1,216,859
2009	1,251,258	1,252,750	1,221,113	1,215,474
2010	1,240,735	1,237,056	1,211,166	1,196,671
2011 (projected)	1,223,357	1,204,865	1,182,533	1,173,123
2012 (projected)	1,201,421	1,188,879	1,166,899	1,156,828
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	115,392	365,114	563,567
2001	2	116,227	362,770	557,489
2001	3	119,191	356,810	536,527
2001	4	116,106	357,671	547,886
2002	1	120,013	375,407	576,341
2002	2	124,657	384,161	580,564
2002	3	131,740	386,749	563,554
2002	4	126,248	386,533	573,935
2003	1	127,661	396,121	584,722
2003	2	131,394	407,791	595,873
2003	3	137,334	409,725	585,854
2003	4	133,542	406,420	597,441
2004	1	135,700	422,763	622,422
2004	2	137,128	422,427	612,316
2004	3	142,818	426,502	602,979
2004	4	138,142	425,953	609,413
2005	1	136,516	433,757	636,107
2005	2	141,146	438,394	638,589
2005	3	147,412	439,580	613,583
2005	4	141,319	432,130	617,422
2006	1	141,759	452,593	651,515
2006	2	144,752	454,886	645,561
2006	3	149,040	451,260	627,011
2006	4	143,191	447,182	628,890
2007	1	144,773	460,771	655,858
2007	2	145,506	452,744	636,124
2007	3	149,020	448,148	613,441
2007	4	142,516	442,125	619,698
2008	1	141,904	458,728	660,104
2008	2	143,140	457,314	647,759
2008	3	147,355	455,904	622,674
2008	4	140,960	448,352	627,548
2009	1	141,095	458,842	651,320
2009	2	143,876	461,739	647,135
2009	3	147,696	455,597	617,820
2009	4	142,338	453,460	619,677
2010	1	138,325	460,701	641,755
2010	2	141,418	459,030	636,662
2010	3	143,491	454,346	613,393
2010	4	136,475	443,687	616,582
2011 (projected)	1	134,783	452,120	636,472
2011 (projected)	2	134,750	446,268	623,459
2011 (projected)	3	137,821	442,099	601,643
2011 (projected)	4	132,417	434,898	605,811
2012 (projected)	1	131,020	442,039	629,140
2012 (projected)	2	131,949	438,130	619,021
2012 (projected)	3	134,932	433,912	598,153
2012 (projected)	4	129,532	426,350	601,958
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	573,633	470,401
2001	2	567,168	469,277
2001	3	551,003	461,494
2001	4	557,109	464,520
2002	1	581,652	490,058
2002	2	592,096	497,257
2002	3	586,079	495,916
2002	4	592,239	494,456
2003	1	603,978	504,483
2003	2	617,293	517,743
2003	3	613,048	519,838
2003	4	616,652	520,714
2004	1	640,645	540,199
2004	2	633,279	538,491
2004	3	632,826	539,346
2004	4	639,478	533,892
2005	1	656,092	550,108
2005	2	662,559	555,423
2005	3	651,803	548,663
2005	4	650,901	539,843
2006	1	677,572	568,192
2006	2	676,319	568,776
2006	3	664,727	562,289
2006	4	662,972	555,981
2007	1	682,233	579,072
2007	2	666,136	568,189
2007	3	651,700	558,855
2007	4	649,866	554,237
2008	1	678,411	582,177
2008	2	672,736	575,439
2008	3	658,938	566,928
2008	4	654,159	562,658
2009	1	670,957	580,262
2009	2	671,070	581,655
2009	3	653,759	567,311
2009	4	650,335	565,098
2010	1	667,344	573,393
2010	2	664,129	572,915
2010	3	649,227	561,960
2010	4	640,997	555,686
2011 (projected)	1	658,108	566,599
2011 (projected)	2	647,393	558,326
2011 (projected)	3	635,629	550,396
2011 (projected)	4	633,254	543,772
2012 (projected)	1	647,983	556,584
2012 (projected)	2	640,230	551,128
2012 (projected)	3	628,612	541,787
2012 (projected)	4	626,198	535,275
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular procedures increased over time, from about $16,500 in 2001 to $24,500 in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the average hospital cost projected to be about $27,000 at the end of 2012.
• The average hospital cost was similar for all three age groups, increasing from about $17,000 in 2001 to $24,500 in 2010.
• The average hospital cost was similar for males and females, increasing from about $16,500 in 2001 to $24,500 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $16,500 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $20,500 in 2010. By 2010, the average hospital cost exceeded the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$16,251	$16,375	$16,698	$17,543
2002	$17,224	$17,443	$17,807	$18,665
2003	$18,342	$18,238	$18,445	$19,295
2004	$19,160	$18,982	$19,003	$19,720
2005	$19,914	$20,028	$19,876	$20,551
2006	$20,766	$20,662	$20,778	$21,512
2007	$21,344	$21,478	$21,480	$22,327
2008	$22,605	$22,576	$22,680	$23,448
2009	$22,928	$22,835	$22,866	$23,859
2010	$24,220	$24,066	$24,210	$25,063
2011 (projected)	$25,026	$25,000	$25,147	$25,885
2012 (projected)	$25,829	$25,867	$26,056	$26,805
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$16,627	$15,803	$16,466
2001	2	$16,679	$15,937	$16,587
2001	3	$17,086	$16,356	$16,838
2001	4	$18,047	$17,088	$17,731
2002	1	$17,324	$16,770	$17,503
2002	2	$17,593	$17,037	$17,685
2002	3	$17,801	$17,362	$18,123
2002	4	$18,764	$18,263	$18,927
2003	1	$18,081	$17,960	$18,666
2003	2	$18,191	$17,799	$18,554
2003	3	$18,342	$18,058	$18,743
2003	4	$19,360	$18,957	$19,521
2004	1	$18,847	$18,716	$19,532
2004	2	$18,819	$18,668	$19,239
2004	3	$19,039	$18,689	$19,221
2004	4	$19,785	$19,442	$19,907
2005	1	$19,696	$19,582	$20,186
2005	2	$19,889	$19,750	$20,244
2005	3	$19,985	$19,614	$20,044
2005	4	$20,555	$20,388	$20,672
2006	1	$20,782	$20,522	$20,939
2006	2	$20,716	$20,533	$20,754
2006	3	$21,146	$20,599	$20,829
2006	4	$21,688	$21,432	$21,543
2007	1	$21,790	$21,263	$21,318
2007	2	$22,078	$21,400	$21,414
2007	3	$22,162	$21,370	$21,409
2007	4	$22,992	$22,296	$22,206
2008	1	$23,144	$22,680	$22,450
2008	2	$23,060	$22,630	$22,439
2008	3	$23,430	$22,730	$22,475
2008	4	$24,103	$23,508	$23,269
2009	1	$23,276	$22,985	$22,819
2009	2	$23,262	$22,883	$22,722
2009	3	$23,694	$22,959	$22,611
2009	4	$25,113	$24,057	$23,421
2010	1	$24,491	$24,457	$23,997
2010	2	$24,662	$24,273	$23,792
2010	3	$24,766	$24,394	$23,957
2010	4	$25,930	$25,338	$24,690
2011 (projected)	1	$25,738	$25,262	$24,744
2011 (projected)	2	$25,789	$25,264	$24,664
2011 (projected)	3	$26,062	$25,370	$24,737
2011 (projected)	4	$26,746	$26,165	$25,446
2012 (projected)	1	$26,632	$26,139	$25,516
2012 (projected)	2	$26,786	$26,217	$25,492
2012 (projected)	3	$27,073	$26,404	$25,596
2012 (projected)	4	$27,735	$27,196	$26,319
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$16,518	$15,927
2001	2	$16,733	$15,947
2001	3	$17,080	$16,244
2001	4	$17,947	$17,060
2002	1	$17,619	$16,756
2002	2	$17,875	$16,933
2002	3	$18,271	$17,267
2002	4	$19,144	$18,096
2003	1	$18,735	$17,875
2003	2	$18,698	$17,699
2003	3	$18,951	$17,857
2003	4	$19,822	$18,675
2004	1	$19,670	$18,558
2004	2	$19,523	$18,350
2004	3	$19,593	$18,314
2004	4	$20,311	$19,022
2005	1	$20,495	$19,228
2005	2	$20,659	$19,284
2005	3	$20,506	$19,133
2005	4	$21,183	$19,799
2006	1	$21,383	$20,035
2006	2	$21,297	$19,914
2006	3	$21,488	$19,953
2006	4	$22,183	$20,725
2007	1	$22,013	$20,559
2007	2	$22,225	$20,610
2007	3	$22,307	$20,519
2007	4	$23,132	$21,390
2008	1	$23,409	$21,680
2008	2	$23,417	$21,602
2008	3	$23,597	$21,621
2008	4	$24,348	$22,410
2009	1	$23,836	$21,884
2009	2	$23,708	$21,837
2009	3	$23,821	$21,771
2009	4	$24,782	$22,804
2010	1	$25,115	$23,184
2010	2	$25,033	$22,952
2010	3	$25,218	$23,047
2010	4	$26,103	$23,868
2011 (projected)	1	$25,986	$23,914
2011 (projected)	2	$26,010	$23,845
2011 (projected)	3	$26,210	$23,916
2011 (projected)	4	$26,910	$24,721
2012 (projected)	1	$26,847	$24,662
2012 (projected)	2	$26,948	$24,656
2012 (projected)	3	$27,183	$24,769
2012 (projected)	4	$27,878	$25,598
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular procedures was relatively stable between 2001 and 2010 at 8.0 days. Length of stay is projected to remain at about this same level in 2011 and 2012.
• Length of stay was relatively stable over time for all three age groups. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the longest length of stay at 8.8 days. Length of stay was 0.9 days longer for adults age 65 and older in 2001 (8.1 days) than for adults ages 45 to 64 (7.2 days). However, this initial difference diminished over time, with both older age groups have a similar length of stay in 2010 at around 8.0 days.
• Length of stay was 0.8 days longer for females than for males, and remained relatively stable for both genders over time. Females had a length of stay of 8.4 days. Males had a length of stay of 7.6 days.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	7.9	7.8	7.8	7.9
2002	8.0	7.9	7.8	7.9
2003	8.1	7.8	7.7	7.9
2004	8.2	7.9	7.8	7.9
2005	8.1	7.9	7.8	7.9
2006	8.0	7.8	7.8	8.0
2007	8.1	8.0	8.0	8.1
2008	8.3	8.1	8.0	8.1
2009	8.2	8.0	7.9	8.1
2010	8.2	8.0	8.0	8.1
2011 (projected)	8.2	8.0	7.9	8.0
2012 (projected)	8.2	8.0	7.9	8.1
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	8.6	7.2	8.3
2001	2	8.4	7.2	8.1
2001	3	8.5	7.2	8.0
2001	4	8.7	7.3	8.1
2002	1	8.6	7.3	8.3
2002	2	8.5	7.2	8.1
2002	3	8.4	7.2	8.0
2002	4	8.6	7.4	8.1
2003	1	8.7	7.5	8.3
2003	2	8.5	7.2	8.0
2003	3	8.5	7.2	7.9
2003	4	8.7	7.4	8.1
2004	1	8.7	7.6	8.5
2004	2	8.6	7.4	8.0
2004	3	8.6	7.3	7.9
2004	4	8.8	7.4	8.0
2005	1	8.8	7.5	8.3
2005	2	8.7	7.5	8.1
2005	3	8.7	7.3	7.8
2005	4	8.8	7.5	7.9
2006	1	8.9	7.6	8.1
2006	2	8.7	7.5	7.9
2006	3	8.8	7.5	7.8
2006	4	8.9	7.6	8.0
2007	1	9.0	7.7	8.2
2007	2	8.9	7.7	8.1
2007	3	8.8	7.6	8.0
2007	4	9.0	7.8	8.1
2008	1	9.0	8.0	8.4
2008	2	8.9	7.8	8.1
2008	3	8.9	7.8	8.0
2008	4	9.0	7.9	8.1
2009	1	9.0	8.0	8.3
2009	2	8.8	7.8	8.0
2009	3	8.8	7.8	7.9
2009	4	9.1	8.0	8.0
2010	1	8.8	8.0	8.2
2010	2	8.7	7.8	7.9
2010	3	8.8	7.8	7.9
2010	4	9.0	8.0	8.0
2011 (projected)	1	8.8	8.0	8.2
2011 (projected)	2	8.7	7.9	7.9
2011 (projected)	3	8.7	7.8	7.8
2011 (projected)	4	8.8	7.9	7.9
2012 (projected)	1	8.8	8.0	8.2
2012 (projected)	2	8.8	7.9	7.9
2012 (projected)	3	8.8	7.9	7.8
2012 (projected)	4	8.9	8.0	7.9
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	7.5	8.5
2001	2	7.4	8.3
2001	3	7.4	8.3
2001	4	7.4	8.4
2002	1	7.6	8.6
2002	2	7.4	8.4
2002	3	7.4	8.3
2002	4	7.4	8.4
2003	1	7.6	8.7
2003	2	7.3	8.3
2003	3	7.3	8.3
2003	4	7.5	8.5
2004	1	7.7	8.8
2004	2	7.4	8.4
2004	3	7.3	8.3
2004	4	7.5	8.4
2005	1	7.6	8.6
2005	2	7.5	8.5
2005	3	7.4	8.3
2005	4	7.5	8.4
2006	1	7.6	8.5
2006	2	7.4	8.3
2006	3	7.5	8.3
2006	4	7.6	8.4
2007	1	7.7	8.6
2007	2	7.7	8.4
2007	3	7.6	8.3
2007	4	7.8	8.5
2008	1	8.0	8.7
2008	2	7.8	8.5
2008	3	7.8	8.3
2008	4	7.8	8.5
2009	1	8.0	8.5
2009	2	7.7	8.3
2009	3	7.7	8.2
2009	4	7.9	8.4
2010	1	7.9	8.5
2010	2	7.7	8.2
2010	3	7.8	8.2
2010	4	7.9	8.4
2011 (projected)	1	7.9	8.4
2011 (projected)	2	7.8	8.2
2011 (projected)	3	7.7	8.1
2011 (projected)	4	7.8	8.3
2012 (projected)	1	8.0	8.4
2012 (projected)	2	7.8	8.2
2012 (projected)	3	7.8	8.1
2012 (projected)	4	7.9	8.2
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular procedures vacillated around 6.1 percent between 2001 and 2010. The mortality rate is projected to remain at this same level in 2011 and 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest mortality rate, vacillating around 7.7 percent between 2001 and 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest mortality rate, at 4.3 percent in 2001 and increasing to 4.7 percent in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest mortality rate, at 4.3 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 3.9 percent in 2010.
• The mortality rate was 1.0 percentage point higher for females in 2001 than for males. Females had a mortality rate that vacillated around 6.7 percent in 2001. Males had a mortality rate that vacillated around 5.7 percent in 2001. However, this initial difference disappeared over time, with both genders having a mortality rate that vacillated around 6.2 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	6.5	5.9	6.0	6.3
2002	6.8	5.9	5.8	6.2
2003	6.4	5.8	5.6	6.3
2004	6.5	5.7	5.6	5.9
2005	6.5	5.8	5.5	6.1
2006	6.2	5.6	5.6	6.0
2007	6.3	5.8	5.7	6.2
2008	6.7	5.9	5.8	6.3
2009	6.5	5.9	5.8	6.5
2010	6.4	5.9	5.9	6.4
2011 (projected)	6.6	5.9	5.8	6.3
2012 (projected)	6.6	6.0	5.9	6.4
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	4.4	4.4	8.2
2001	2	4.2	4.1	7.5
2001	3	4.3	4.2	7.5
2001	4	4.4	4.4	7.9
2002	1	4.5	4.6	8.7
2002	2	4.2	4.1	7.5
2002	3	4.1	4.1	7.4
2002	4	4.1	4.3	7.9
2003	1	4.2	4.5	8.3
2003	2	3.9	4.1	7.4
2003	3	4.0	4.1	7.1
2003	4	4.2	4.5	8.1
2004	1	4.2	4.5	8.4
2004	2	3.8	4.1	7.3
2004	3	3.9	4.1	7.0
2004	4	3.8	4.3	7.5
2005	1	4.2	4.6	8.3
2005	2	3.8	4.2	7.3
2005	3	3.8	4.1	7.0
2005	4	4.0	4.5	7.6
2006	1	4.0	4.5	7.9
2006	2	3.9	4.2	7.1
2006	3	3.8	4.2	7.0
2006	4	3.8	4.4	7.6
2007	1	4.0	4.6	8.0
2007	2	3.9	4.3	7.3
2007	3	3.8	4.3	7.2
2007	4	3.9	4.6	7.8
2008	1	4.2	4.9	8.5
2008	2	3.8	4.5	7.4
2008	3	3.9	4.4	7.2
2008	4	3.8	4.8	7.9
2009	1	4.0	4.8	8.2
2009	2	3.9	4.5	7.4
2009	3	3.9	4.6	7.2
2009	4	4.3	5.1	7.9
2010	1	4.0	4.9	8.1
2010	2	3.8	4.5	7.4
2010	3	3.7	4.6	7.3
2010	4	3.9	4.9	7.9
2011 (projected)	1	4.1	5.0	8.2
2011 (projected)	2	3.8	4.6	7.4
2011 (projected)	3	3.9	4.6	7.2
2011 (projected)	4	3.9	5.0	7.8
2012 (projected)	1	4.0	5.0	8.3
2012 (projected)	2	3.8	4.7	7.4
2012 (projected)	3	3.8	4.7	7.2
2012 (projected)	4	3.9	5.0	7.9
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	6.0	7.1
2001	2	5.5	6.5
2001	3	5.6	6.5
2001	4	5.8	6.8
2002	1	6.3	7.3
2002	2	5.6	6.4
2002	3	5.5	6.2
2002	4	5.8	6.6
2003	1	6.0	7.0
2003	2	5.4	6.2
2003	3	5.3	6.1
2003	4	5.9	6.8
2004	1	6.1	7.0
2004	2	5.4	6.1
2004	3	5.2	5.9
2004	4	5.5	6.4
2005	1	6.1	7.0
2005	2	5.5	6.2
2005	3	5.3	5.9
2005	4	5.7	6.4
2006	1	5.9	6.7
2006	2	5.4	6.0
2006	3	5.4	6.0
2006	4	5.7	6.4
2007	1	6.0	6.7
2007	2	5.6	6.1
2007	3	5.5	5.9
2007	4	5.9	6.4
2008	1	6.4	7.1
2008	2	5.7	6.2
2008	3	5.6	6.0
2008	4	6.1	6.5
2009	1	6.3	6.8
2009	2	5.8	6.1
2009	3	5.7	5.9
2009	4	6.3	6.7
2010	1	6.2	6.6
2010	2	5.8	6.1
2010	3	5.8	6.0
2010	4	6.3	6.5
2011 (projected)	1	6.4	6.7
2011 (projected)	2	5.8	6.1
2011 (projected)	3	5.8	5.9
2011 (projected)	4	6.2	6.4
2012 (projected)	1	6.5	6.8
2012 (projected)	2	5.9	6.1
2012 (projected)	3	5.8	5.9
2012 (projected)	4	6.3	6.5
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is used to treat blocked heart arteries by grafting arteries or veins from other areas of the body to create new passages for blood to flow to the heart muscle. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges with a CABG are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of discharges for CABG decreased over time, from about 93,000 discharges per quarter in 2001 to 59,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. This decreasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with quarterly discharges projected to be about 51,000 at the end of 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest discharges, at about 53,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 and decreasing to 33,500 discharges per quarter in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest discharges, at about 36,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 and decreasing to 24,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest discharges, at about 3,000 discharges per quarter in 2001 and decreasing to 1,500 discharges per quarter in 2010.
• Males had about 31,000 more discharges per quarter than did females. Males had about 65,000 discharges per quarter in 2001, decreasing to 43,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. Females had about 28,000 discharges per quarter in 2001, decreasing to 16,500 discharges per quarter in 2010.

Number of Discharges for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	97,148	96,101	88,476	90,382
2002	91,049	93,463	88,660	88,883
2003	87,661	87,402	81,395	81,056
2004	81,239	80,441	75,837	78,779
2005	76,428	76,373	71,342	70,890
2006	72,254	73,057	67,516	69,846
2007	70,284	68,939	63,739	64,513
2008	65,919	67,216	62,988	62,347
2009	63,346	65,274	60,874	59,813
2010	60,292	61,958	57,264	57,334
2011 (projected)	57,809	58,012	54,005	54,119
2012 (projected)	54,695	54,868	51,098	51,102
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	3,011	38,068	56,070
2001	2	2,995	37,693	55,413
2001	3	2,885	35,461	50,131
2001	4	2,790	34,966	52,626
2002	1	2,867	36,042	52,140
2002	2	2,899	36,709	53,855
2002	3	2,941	35,961	49,758
2002	4	2,624	35,395	50,864
2003	1	2,695	35,228	49,739
2003	2	2,728	35,399	49,274
2003	3	2,701	33,071	45,623
2003	4	2,440	32,187	46,429
2004	1	2,454	32,514	46,271
2004	2	2,380	32,248	45,814
2004	3	2,256	30,535	43,045
2004	4	2,244	31,437	45,098
2005	1	2,147	30,498	43,783
2005	2	2,232	30,366	43,775
2005	3	2,159	29,126	40,057
2005	4	2,062	28,138	40,691
2006	1	2,004	29,122	41,128
2006	2	2,065	29,362	41,631
2006	3	2,000	27,564	37,952
2006	4	1,992	28,310	39,544
2007	1	1,999	28,726	39,559
2007	2	2,120	28,255	38,565
2007	3	2,021	26,379	35,339
2007	4	1,894	26,282	36,337
2008	1	1,962	26,898	37,059
2008	2	1,871	27,231	38,115
2008	3	1,931	26,099	34,958
2008	4	1,755	25,297	35,295
2009	1	1,773	25,893	35,681
2009	2	1,888	26,049	37,337
2009	3	1,811	24,942	34,121
2009	4	1,611	24,240	33,963
2010	1	1,670	24,574	34,050
2010	2	1,646	25,078	35,237
2010	3	1,624	23,594	32,051
2010	4	1,513	23,090	32,735
2011 (projected)	1	1,626	23,491	32,660
2011 (projected)	2	1,657	23,484	32,970
2011 (projected)	3	1,592	22,302	30,307
2011 (projected)	4	1,564	22,142	30,886
2012 (projected)	1	1,568	22,481	30,969
2012 (projected)	2	1,559	22,413	31,227
2012 (projected)	3	1,523	21,418	28,612
2012 (projected)	4	1,488	21,127	29,208
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	68,374	28,774
2001	2	67,284	28,818
2001	3	61,800	26,674
2001	4	62,872	27,508
2002	1	64,064	26,985
2002	2	64,879	28,584
2002	3	61,669	26,989
2002	4	62,475	26,408
2003	1	61,952	25,705
2003	2	61,418	25,981
2003	3	57,331	24,064
2003	4	56,951	24,104
2004	1	57,652	23,585
2004	2	56,405	24,027
2004	3	53,087	22,737
2004	4	56,270	22,499
2005	1	54,847	21,570
2005	2	54,399	21,965
2005	3	50,725	20,606
2005	4	50,455	20,418
2006	1	51,526	20,722
2006	2	51,827	21,220
2006	3	48,273	19,226
2006	4	49,916	19,916
2007	1	50,331	19,946
2007	2	49,398	19,539
2007	3	45,354	18,385
2007	4	46,111	18,398
2008	1	47,483	18,433
2008	2	47,828	19,387
2008	3	45,065	17,920
2008	4	44,501	17,844
2009	1	45,636	17,709
2009	2	46,492	18,780
2009	3	43,559	17,315
2009	4	42,988	16,823
2010	1	43,783	16,517
2010	2	44,769	17,198
2010	3	41,419	15,857
2010	4	41,416	15,931
2011 (projected)	1	42,089	15,602
2011 (projected)	2	41,844	16,015
2011 (projected)	3	39,132	15,092
2011 (projected)	4	39,403	15,064
2012 (projected)	1	39,981	14,958
2012 (projected)	2	39,624	15,148
2012 (projected)	3	37,232	14,381
2012 (projected)	4	37,366	14,409
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for discharges with CABG increased over time, from about $29,000 in 2001 to $44,000 in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the average hospital cost projected to be about $48,500 at the end of 2012.
• The average hospital cost was highest for adults age 65 and older, increasing from about $31,000 in 2001 to $46,000 in 2010. The average hospital cost was similar for the two younger age groups, increasing from about $26,000 in 2001 to $41,000 in 2010.
• The average hospital cost was about $4,000 higher for females than for males. Females had an average hospital cost that increased from about $31,500 in 2001 to $47,000 in 2010. Males had an average hospital cost that increased from about $28,000 in 2001 to $42,500 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $29,000 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $36,000 in 2010. By 2010, the average hospital cost exceeded the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$27,836	$28,446	$29,205	$30,424
2002	$29,730	$30,533	$31,475	$32,925
2003	$32,143	$32,254	$32,710	$33,967
2004	$33,104	$33,164	$33,841	$34,657
2005	$35,147	$35,570	$35,723	$36,911
2006	$36,899	$36,824	$37,538	$38,572
2007	$38,234	$38,583	$38,933	$40,505
2008	$40,556	$40,612	$40,869	$41,984
2009	$41,258	$41,154	$41,284	$42,713
2010	$43,675	$43,074	$43,653	$45,141
2011 (projected)	$44,896	$45,142	$45,574	$46,703
2012 (projected)	$46,568	$46,793	$47,213	$48,490
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$25,475	$25,191	$29,754
2001	2	$25,698	$25,579	$30,442
2001	3	$26,055	$26,500	$31,216
2001	4	$27,064	$27,489	$32,475
2002	1	$27,315	$27,012	$31,695
2002	2	$27,324	$27,802	$32,490
2002	3	$29,208	$28,736	$33,516
2002	4	$29,412	$29,843	$35,201
2003	1	$28,675	$29,143	$34,406
2003	2	$29,245	$29,279	$34,456
2003	3	$29,655	$29,753	$34,932
2003	4	$30,400	$30,804	$36,296
2004	1	$29,696	$30,017	$35,418
2004	2	$30,576	$30,497	$35,087
2004	3	$32,049	$30,900	$35,931
2004	4	$31,510	$31,761	$36,786
2005	1	$32,000	$31,799	$37,584
2005	2	$33,139	$32,544	$37,720
2005	3	$32,730	$32,704	$37,974
2005	4	$33,372	$33,835	$39,158
2006	1	$32,660	$33,645	$39,376
2006	2	$33,555	$34,070	$38,887
2006	3	$34,696	$34,438	$39,878
2006	4	$36,234	$35,377	$40,921
2007	1	$35,737	$35,283	$40,470
2007	2	$34,787	$35,532	$40,949
2007	3	$35,618	$35,978	$41,240
2007	4	$38,219	$37,262	$42,919
2008	1	$37,464	$37,687	$42,777
2008	2	$37,791	$37,234	$43,085
2008	3	$38,487	$37,646	$43,349
2008	4	$38,662	$38,795	$44,370
2009	1	$39,623	$38,233	$43,517
2009	2	$39,152	$37,904	$43,481
2009	3	$39,111	$38,228	$43,576
2009	4	$40,650	$39,596	$44,957
2010	1	$40,525	$40,566	$45,991
2010	2	$41,092	$40,302	$45,060
2010	3	$39,912	$41,014	$45,695
2010	4	$44,381	$42,037	$47,297
2011 (projected)	1	$42,855	$41,933	$47,028
2011 (projected)	2	$43,388	$42,140	$47,206
2011 (projected)	3	$43,370	$42,731	$47,744
2011 (projected)	4	$44,796	$43,645	$48,701
2012 (projected)	1	$44,705	$43,609	$48,514
2012 (projected)	2	$45,139	$43,918	$48,803
2012 (projected)	3	$45,638	$44,435	$49,209
2012 (projected)	4	$46,932	$45,366	$50,309
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$26,811	$30,264
2001	2	$27,532	$30,626
2001	3	$28,233	$31,496
2001	4	$29,462	$32,654
2002	1	$28,609	$32,430
2002	2	$29,480	$32,928
2002	3	$30,375	$34,052
2002	4	$31,878	$35,437
2003	1	$31,085	$34,692
2003	2	$31,231	$34,671
2003	3	$31,646	$35,270
2003	4	$32,698	$37,011
2004	1	$31,882	$36,133
2004	2	$32,098	$35,683
2004	3	$32,700	$36,531
2004	4	$33,609	$37,323
2005	1	$33,966	$38,192
2005	2	$34,488	$38,289
2005	3	$34,568	$38,562
2005	4	$35,696	$39,947
2006	1	$35,644	$40,070
2006	2	$35,817	$39,363
2006	3	$36,408	$40,434
2006	4	$37,640	$40,935
2007	1	$37,056	$41,231
2007	2	$37,471	$41,425
2007	3	$37,745	$41,931
2007	4	$39,227	$43,793
2008	1	$39,428	$43,504
2008	2	$39,337	$43,830
2008	3	$39,668	$43,981
2008	4	$40,759	$45,092
2009	1	$40,257	$43,899
2009	2	$39,859	$44,403
2009	3	$40,260	$43,927
2009	4	$41,476	$45,922
2010	1	$42,425	$47,076
2010	2	$41,979	$45,957
2010	3	$42,563	$46,564
2010	4	$43,930	$48,293
2011 (projected)	1	$43,774	$48,019
2011 (projected)	2	$44,103	$48,042
2011 (projected)	3	$44,552	$48,558
2011 (projected)	4	$45,564	$49,592
2012 (projected)	1	$45,504	$49,717
2012 (projected)	2	$45,802	$49,862
2012 (projected)	3	$46,230	$50,278
2012 (projected)	4	$47,370	$51,495
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with CABG was relatively stable between 2001 and 2010 at 10.1 days. Length of stay is projected to remain at about this same level in 2011 and 2012.
• Length of stay was relatively stable over time for all three age groups. Adults age 65 and older had the longest length of stay at 11.0 days. The two younger age groups had similar lengths of stay at around 8.7 days.
• Length of stay was 1.8 days longer for females than for males, and remained relatively stable for both genders over time. Females had a length of stay of 11.4 days. Males had a length of stay of 9.6 days.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	9.9	9.8	9.7	9.8
2002	9.9	10.0	9.8	10.0
2003	10.2	10.0	9.9	10.2
2004	10.3	10.0	10.0	10.1
2005	10.3	10.2	10.0	10.1
2006	10.3	10.2	10.2	10.2
2007	10.4	10.3	10.2	10.3
2008	10.5	10.3	10.2	10.2
2009	10.3	10.1	10.0	10.1
2010	10.2	10.0	9.8	10.1
2011 (projected)	10.1	10.0	10.0	10.0
2012 (projected)	10.1	10.0	9.9	10.0
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	8.0	8.5	10.9
2001	2	8.0	8.4	10.8
2001	3	7.8	8.4	10.8
2001	4	7.9	8.4	10.8
2002	1	8.2	8.6	10.9
2002	2	7.8	8.6	11.0
2002	3	8.2	8.6	10.8
2002	4	8.0	8.6	11.1
2003	1	8.3	8.8	11.2
2003	2	8.2	8.7	11.0
2003	3	8.3	8.5	10.9
2003	4	8.4	8.8	11.2
2004	1	8.5	8.9	11.3
2004	2	8.4	8.8	10.9
2004	3	8.7	8.8	10.9
2004	4	8.6	8.8	11.1
2005	1	8.7	8.9	11.3
2005	2	8.7	9.0	11.1
2005	3	8.5	8.8	10.9
2005	4	8.3	8.9	11.0
2006	1	8.3	9.1	11.3
2006	2	8.5	9.0	11.1
2006	3	8.8	9.0	11.0
2006	4	8.8	9.1	11.1
2007	1	8.8	9.2	11.3
2007	2	8.7	9.2	11.2
2007	3	8.7	9.1	11.0
2007	4	9.0	9.2	11.2
2008	1	8.8	9.5	11.3
2008	2	8.8	9.2	11.2
2008	3	8.9	9.2	11.0
2008	4	8.8	9.2	11.0
2009	1	9.3	9.3	11.1
2009	2	8.9	9.1	10.8
2009	3	8.9	9.1	10.7
2009	4	9.0	9.2	10.8
2010	1	8.9	9.3	10.9
2010	2	9.2	9.1	10.6
2010	3	8.7	9.1	10.4
2010	4	8.9	9.2	10.7
2011 (projected)	1	8.9	9.2	10.8
2011 (projected)	2	9.1	9.1	10.7
2011 (projected)	3	8.8	9.2	10.6
2011 (projected)	4	9.0	9.2	10.6
2012 (projected)	1	8.9	9.2	10.7
2012 (projected)	2	9.0	9.2	10.6
2012 (projected)	3	9.0	9.2	10.6
2012 (projected)	4	9.1	9.2	10.6
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	9.3	11.3
2001	2	9.3	11.1
2001	3	9.2	11.0
2001	4	9.2	11.0
2002	1	9.3	11.2
2002	2	9.4	11.1
2002	3	9.3	11.1
2002	4	9.5	11.3
2003	1	9.6	11.5
2003	2	9.5	11.2
2003	3	9.3	11.2
2003	4	9.6	11.6
2004	1	9.7	11.8
2004	2	9.5	11.3
2004	3	9.4	11.3
2004	4	9.6	11.5
2005	1	9.8	11.8
2005	2	9.7	11.4
2005	3	9.5	11.2
2005	4	9.6	11.4
2006	1	9.8	11.7
2006	2	9.7	11.5
2006	3	9.7	11.4
2006	4	9.8	11.3
2007	1	9.9	11.6
2007	2	9.8	11.6
2007	3	9.7	11.4
2007	4	9.8	11.6
2008	1	10.0	11.7
2008	2	9.8	11.7
2008	3	9.8	11.4
2008	4	9.7	11.4
2009	1	9.9	11.5
2009	2	9.6	11.3
2009	3	9.6	11.1
2009	4	9.7	11.4
2010	1	9.7	11.5
2010	2	9.5	11.1
2010	3	9.5	10.9
2010	4	9.6	11.2
2011 (projected)	1	9.6	11.2
2011 (projected)	2	9.6	11.2
2011 (projected)	3	9.5	11.1
2011 (projected)	4	9.5	11.2
2012 (projected)	1	9.6	11.2
2012 (projected)	2	9.6	11.2
2012 (projected)	3	9.5	11.1
2012 (projected)	4	9.5	11.1
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with CABG decreased over time, from 3.5 percent in 2001 to 2.6 percent in 2010. The mortality rate is projected to remain relatively stable at about this same level in 2011 and 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest mortality rate, at 4.8 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 3.4 percent in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had next highest mortality rate, at 1.8 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 1.5 percent in 2010. The mortality rate for adults ages 18 to 44 was erratic due to the small number of discharges among this age group (about 2,000 per quarter).
• The mortality rate was 2.0 percentage points higher for females than for males. Females had a mortality rate that decreased from 5.0 percent in 2001 to 3.8 percent in 2010. Males had a mortality rate that decreased from 2.9 percent in 2001 to 2.1 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.5
2002	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.5
2003	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.5
2004	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.3
2005	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.4
2006	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.0
2007	3.1	2.8	2.8	2.9
2008	3.0	2.8	2.7	2.8
2009	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.7
2010	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.7
2011 (projected)	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.6
2012 (projected)	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.7
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	1.7	2.0	4.8
2001	2	1.6	1.8	4.7
2001	3	1.3	1.7	4.7
2001	4	1.3	1.8	4.8
2002	1	1.8	1.8	4.8
2002	2	1.9	1.7	4.6
2002	3	1.7	1.6	4.5
2002	4	1.8	1.8	4.7
2003	1	2.0	1.6	4.8
2003	2	2.5	1.7	4.7
2003	3	1.6	1.6	4.6
2003	4	1.4	1.7	4.8
2004	1	2.0	1.7	4.8
2004	2	1.9	1.5	4.3
2004	3	2.1	1.7	4.4
2004	4	2.1	1.7	4.4
2005	1	2.3	1.6	4.6
2005	2	1.5	1.7	4.4
2005	3	1.4	1.5	4.2
2005	4	2.4	1.7	4.5
2006	1	1.3	1.7	4.3
2006	2	2.6	1.7	4.0
2006	3	0.85	1.59	4.09
2006	4	1.9	1.6	4.0
2007	1	2.1	1.8	4.0
2007	2	1.4	1.6	3.8
2007	3	1.7	1.5	3.8
2007	4	2.0	1.7	3.9
2008	1	1.7	1.7	4.0
2008	2	2.1	1.7	3.6
2008	3	1.5	1.5	3.7
2008	4	2.0	1.5	3.7
2009	1	2.2	1.6	3.7
2009	2	2.3	1.5	3.6
2009	3	2.3	1.4	3.3
2009	4	2.3	1.7	3.5
2010	1	2.3	1.4	3.5
2010	2	2.2	1.5	3.3
2010	3	2.0	1.5	3.2
2010	4	2.9	1.5	3.5
2011 (projected)	1	1.7	1.3	3.3
2011 (projected)	2	1.3	1.5	3.2
2011 (projected)	3	0.90	1.39	3.20
2011 (projected)	4	2.2	1.4	3.2
2012 (projected)	1	2.8	1.4	3.2
2012 (projected)	2	0.76	1.39	3.16
2012 (projected)	3	1.2	1.4	3.1
2012 (projected)	4	3.5	1.4	3.2
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	3.0	5.1
2001	2	2.8	5.0
2001	3	2.7	5.0
2001	4	2.9	5.0
2002	1	2.8	5.3
2002	2	2.8	4.8
2002	3	2.6	4.7
2002	4	2.8	5.0
2003	1	2.8	5.0
2003	2	2.8	5.0
2003	3	2.6	5.0
2003	4	2.8	5.2
2004	1	2.8	5.2
2004	2	2.6	4.5
2004	3	2.5	4.9
2004	4	2.7	4.9
2005	1	2.6	5.2
2005	2	2.7	4.8
2005	3	2.5	4.5
2005	4	2.7	5.0
2006	1	2.5	5.0
2006	2	2.5	4.3
2006	3	2.5	4.2
2006	4	2.4	4.3
2007	1	2.5	4.5
2007	2	2.4	4.1
2007	3	2.4	4.0
2007	4	2.4	4.2
2008	1	2.5	4.3
2008	2	2.3	4.1
2008	3	2.2	4.0
2008	4	2.3	4.0
2009	1	2.3	4.0
2009	2	2.2	3.9
2009	3	2.1	3.5
2009	4	2.2	4.0
2010	1	2.1	3.9
2010	2	2.1	3.7
2010	3	2.0	3.7
2010	4	2.2	4.0
2011 (projected)	1	2.0	3.7
2011 (projected)	2	2.0	3.6
2011 (projected)	3	2.0	3.7
2011 (projected)	4	1.9	3.7
2012 (projected)	1	1.9	3.7
2012 (projected)	2	1.9	3.6
2012 (projected)	3	1.9	3.6
2012 (projected)	4	1.9	3.7
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty without Stents

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is used to treat narrowed coronary arteries. This procedure threads special tubing with an attached deflated balloon into the coronary arteries and then inflates the balloon to help clear the blocked areas. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges with PTCA without a stent are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of discharges for PTCA without stents decreased from about 25,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 to 14,000 discharges per quarter in 2004, and then remained relatively stable at about 12,500 discharges per quarter through 2010. Discharges are projected at about 11,000 discharges per quarter in 2011 and 2012.
• Discharges for all three age groups decreased between 2001 and 2004, and then remained relatively stable through 2010. For adults age 65 and older, quarterly discharges decreased from about 13,500 in 2001 to 7,500 in 2004 and remained relatively stable at 6,500 through 2010. For adults ages 45 to 64, quarterly discharges decreased from about 10,500 in 2001 to 5,500 in 2004 and remained relatively stable at 5,000 through 2010. For adults ages 18 to 44, quarterly discharges decreased from about 1,500 in 2001 to 1,000 in 2004 and remained relatively stable at 500 through 2010.
• Discharges for both genders decreased between 2001 and 2004, and then remained relatively stable through 2010. For males, quarterly discharges decreased from about 16,500 in 2001 to 9,000 in 2004 and remained relatively stable at 8,000 through 2010. For females, quarterly discharges decreased from about 9,500 in 2001 to 5,000 in 2004 and remained relatively stable at 4,500 through 2010.

Number of Discharges for All Adults

2007

Year	>Quarter 1	>Quarter 2	>Quarter 3	>Quarter 4
2001	26,149	26,478	25,149	25,091
2002	25,382	25,394	25,215	24,453
2003	24,811	23,434	20,130	17,905
2004	16,608	13,856	13,017	12,311
2005	11,831	11,447	11,401	11,226
2006	11,820	11,896	11,738	13,120
13,529	13,178	13,534	13,286
2008	13,906	13,903	12,428	12,010
2009	12,230	12,289	11,290	11,517
2010	11,403	11,260	10,982	10,711
2011 (projected)	11,191	10,883	10,732	10,735
2012 (projected)	10,831	10,762	10,703	10,708
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	1,455	10,826	13,868
2001	2	1,430	10,936	14,112
2001	3	1,420	10,603	13,127
2001	4	1,346	10,378	13,366
2002	1	1,446	10,767	13,168
2002	2	1,455	10,596	13,343
2002	3	1,575	10,661	12,979
2002	4	1,277	10,240	12,936
2003	1	1,427	10,593	12,792
2003	2	1,307	9,868	12,259
2003	3	1,100	8,512	10,518
2003	4	903	7,507	9,495
2004	1	872	6,809	8,926
2004	2	771	5,613	7,473
2004	3	746	5,273	6,998
2004	4	677	4,953	6,680
2005	1	640	4,738	6,453
2005	2	622	4,685	6,140
2005	3	672	4,641	6,088
2005	4	571	4,566	6,089
2006	1	559	4,801	6,460
2006	2	626	4,871	6,399
2006	3	690	4,824	6,224
2006	4	726	5,554	6,839
2007	1	740	5,571	7,217
2007	2	714	5,498	6,966
2007	3	743	5,745	7,046
2007	4	775	5,619	6,893
2008	1	738	5,804	7,364
2008	2	793	5,816	7,294
2008	3	714	5,351	6,362
2008	4	637	4,996	6,377
2009	1	682	5,114	6,435
2009	2	686	5,289	6,314
2009	3	639	4,981	5,671
2009	4	629	4,936	5,952
2010	1	631	4,678	6,093
2010	2	589	4,747	5,922
2010	3	656	4,603	5,722
2010	4	566	4,384	5,760
2011 (projected)	1	612	4,631	6,016
2011 (projected)	2	625	4,476	5,858
2011 (projected)	3	636	4,447	5,726
2011 (projected)	4	630	4,426	5,776
2012 (projected)	1	624	4,405	5,961
2012 (projected)	2	618	4,420	5,779
2012 (projected)	3	616	4,421	5,723
2012 (projected)	4	614	4,391	5,801
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	16,645	9,504
2001	2	16,815	9,660
2001	3	16,028	9,120
2001	4	15,708	9,381
2002	1	16,004	9,378
2002	2	16,130	9,264
2002	3	15,957	9,258
2002	4	15,548	8,904
2003	1	15,855	8,954
2003	2	14,744	8,691
2003	3	12,798	7,332
2003	4	11,577	6,325
2004	1	10,517	6,091
2004	2	8,794	5,059
2004	3	8,160	4,857
2004	4	7,761	4,549
2005	1	7,546	4,282
2005	2	7,317	4,129
2005	3	7,311	4,088
2005	4	7,306	3,917
2006	1	7,606	4,213
2006	2	7,691	4,205
2006	3	7,590	4,147
2006	4	8,525	4,594
2007	1	8,760	4,769
2007	2	8,520	4,658
2007	3	8,749	4,783
2007	4	8,525	4,762
2008	1	8,987	4,919
2008	2	8,908	4,994
2008	3	7,984	4,443
2008	4	7,761	4,249
2009	1	8,005	4,224
2009	2	8,052	4,238
2009	3	7,374	3,916
2009	4	7,534	3,983
2010	1	7,362	4,043
2010	2	7,329	3,934
2010	3	7,130	3,855
2010	4	6,980	3,734
2011 (projected)	1	7,348	3,883
2011 (projected)	2	7,118	3,824
2011 (projected)	3	7,078	3,709
2011 (projected)	4	7,149	3,691
2012 (projected)	1	7,288	3,712
2012 (projected)	2	7,183	3,628
2012 (projected)	3	7,147	3,642
2012 (projected)	4	7,218	3,626
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for discharges with PTCA without stents increased over time, from about $13,000 in 2001 to $25,000 in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the average hospital cost projected to be about $28,000 at the end of 2012.
• The average hospital cost was similar for all three age groups, increasing from about $13,000 in 2001 to $24,500 in 2010.
• The average hospital cost was similar for males and females, increasing from about $13,000 in 2001 to $24,500 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $13,000 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $16,000 in 2010. By 2010, the average hospital cost exceeded the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$12,465	$12,813	$13,265	$13,977
2002	$13,933	$14,306	$14,869	$15,219
2003	$14,892	$15,052	$15,525	$16,563
2004	$16,163	$17,092	$17,005	$18,135
2005	$19,495	$19,152	$19,543	$20,748
2006	$20,599	$20,168	$20,262	$20,879
2007	$19,588	$19,987	$20,467	$20,982
2008	$21,847	$21,704	$22,594	$23,764
2009	$23,062	$22,909	$22,541	$23,470
2010	$24,500	$24,837	$24,132	$25,564
2011 (projected)	$25,463	$25,508	$25,857	$26,393
2012 (projected)	$26,520	$26,879	$27,406	$27,954
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$11,181	$11,954	$12,986
2001	2	$11,465	$12,251	$13,413
2001	3	$12,960	$12,686	$13,783
2001	4	$12,891	$13,729	$14,322
2002	1	$13,159	$13,363	$14,496
2002	2	$13,473	$13,739	$14,883
2002	3	$13,733	$14,317	$15,450
2002	4	$14,266	$14,712	$15,721
2003	1	$14,170	$14,483	$15,324
2003	2	$13,525	$14,273	$15,852
2003	3	$14,803	$14,834	$16,198
2003	4	$15,229	$15,801	$17,265
2004	1	$16,861	$15,660	$16,534
2004	2	$16,029	$16,533	$17,652
2004	3	$16,041	$16,884	$17,248
2004	4	$15,724	$17,452	$18,790
2005	1	$17,865	$19,126	$19,908
2005	2	$18,544	$18,603	$19,677
2005	3	$17,645	$19,402	$19,810
2005	4	$17,486	$20,394	$21,367
2006	1	$19,194	$20,503	$20,755
2006	2	$17,969	$20,098	$20,459
2006	3	$18,006	$19,866	$20,813
2006	4	$21,828	$20,466	$21,170
2007	1	$17,650	$19,519	$19,783
2007	2	$18,000	$19,668	$20,511
2007	3	$18,793	$20,444	$20,756
2007	4	$20,810	$20,130	$21,801
2008	1	$21,077	$21,136	$22,570
2008	2	$20,161	$21,560	$22,073
2008	3	$21,237	$22,462	$22,899
2008	4	$23,249	$23,689	$23,980
2009	1	$20,976	$22,873	$23,482
2009	2	$20,282	$22,834	$23,306
2009	3	$20,440	$22,424	$22,974
2009	4	$22,874	$23,599	$23,484
2010	1	$23,980	$24,177	$24,855
2010	2	$23,641	$24,795	$25,091
2010	3	$22,437	$24,002	$24,575
2010	4	$24,728	$25,557	$25,786
2011 (projected)	1	$25,226	$25,572	$25,853
2011 (projected)	2	$24,827	$25,721	$25,964
2011 (projected)	3	$25,590	$26,044	$25,847
2011 (projected)	4	$25,676	$26,705	$26,469
2012 (projected)	1	$27,507	$26,942	$26,697
2012 (projected)	2	$27,574	$27,069	$27,017
2012 (projected)	3	$27,387	$27,634	$27,249
2012 (projected)	4	$27,911	$28,175	$27,572
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$12,442	$12,507
2001	2	$12,807	$12,839
2001	3	$13,019	$13,702
2001	4	$13,778	$14,321
2002	1	$13,765	$14,238
2002	2	$14,119	$14,637
2002	3	$14,747	$15,112
2002	4	$15,124	$15,399
2003	1	$14,819	$15,054
2003	2	$15,172	$14,856
2003	3	$15,476	$15,633
2003	4	$16,453	$16,805
2004	1	$16,213	$16,040
2004	2	$17,046	$17,198
2004	3	$17,154	$16,785
2004	4	$18,240	$18,065
2005	1	$19,473	$19,442
2005	2	$18,951	$19,469
2005	3	$19,319	$20,156
2005	4	$20,919	$20,500
2006	1	$20,319	$21,134
2006	2	$20,353	$19,839
2006	3	$20,129	$20,568
2006	4	$21,091	$20,464
2007	1	$19,662	$19,504
2007	2	$20,219	$19,562
2007	3	$20,665	$20,104
2007	4	$21,330	$20,388
2008	1	$22,143	$21,212
2008	2	$22,036	$21,036
2008	3	$23,078	$21,831
2008	4	$23,975	$23,392
2009	1	$23,200	$22,766
2009	2	$23,132	$22,544
2009	3	$22,945	$21,769
2009	4	$24,021	$22,428
2010	1	$25,006	$23,545
2010	2	$24,967	$24,592
2010	3	$24,891	$22,726
2010	4	$25,793	$25,120
2011 (projected)	1	$26,217	$24,424
2011 (projected)	2	$26,181	$24,654
2011 (projected)	3	$26,383	$24,702
2011 (projected)	4	$27,041	$25,343
2012 (projected)	1	$27,346	$25,572
2012 (projected)	2	$27,544	$25,829
2012 (projected)	3	$28,031	$26,024
2012 (projected)	4	$28,548	$26,511
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with PTCA without stents increased over time, from 3.7 days in 2001 to 5.2 days in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with length of stay projected to be 5.4 days in 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the longest length of stay, at 4.1 days in 2001 and increasing to 5.5 days in 2010. The two youngest age groups had similar lengths of stay, at around 3.2 days in 2001 and increasing to 4.8 days in 2010.
• Length of stay was 0.5 days longer for females than for males. Females had a length of stay that increased from 4.1 days in 2001 to 5.4 days in 2010. Males had a length of stay that increased from 3.4 days in 2001 to 5.1 days in 2010.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.6
2002	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7
2003	3.7	3.6	3.7	4.0
2004	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.5
2005	5.1	4.8	4.8	5.1
2006	5.1	4.9	4.8	5.0
2007	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.7
2008	5.1	4.8	5.0	5.2
2009	5.3	5.1	5.0	5.1
2010	5.3	5.2	5.0	5.3
2011 (projected)	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.3
2012 (projected)	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.4
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	3.1	3.3	4.2
2001	2	3.0	3.3	4.1
2001	3	3.2	3.1	4.0
2001	4	3.0	3.3	4.0
2002	1	3.4	3.3	4.1
2002	2	3.3	3.2	4.1
2002	3	3.2	3.3	4.1
2002	4	3.2	3.3	4.1
2003	1	3.2	3.3	4.1
2003	2	3.1	3.2	4.1
2003	3	3.3	3.3	4.1
2003	4	3.5	3.5	4.5
2004	1	4.2	3.8	4.6
2004	2	3.7	4.0	4.7
2004	3	3.8	4.0	4.5
2004	4	3.7	4.1	4.9
2005	1	4.2	4.7	5.5
2005	2	4.1	4.3	5.2
2005	3	4.1	4.6	5.1
2005	4	3.8	4.6	5.5
2006	1	4.1	4.9	5.4
2006	2	4.2	4.7	5.1
2006	3	3.9	4.6	5.0
2006	4	4.8	4.8	5.2
2007	1	3.6	4.6	4.9
2007	2	4.1	4.4	5.0
2007	3	4.1	4.5	5.1
2007	4	4.1	4.3	5.2
2008	1	4.6	4.7	5.5
2008	2	4.2	4.6	5.1
2008	3	4.5	4.7	5.3
2008	4	4.9	4.9	5.4
2009	1	4.4	5.0	5.6
2009	2	4.7	4.9	5.4
2009	3	4.0	4.9	5.3
2009	4	4.5	4.9	5.3
2010	1	4.8	5.0	5.5
2010	2	4.5	5.0	5.4
2010	3	4.2	4.9	5.2
2010	4	4.6	5.0	5.7
2011 (projected)	1	4.5	5.0	5.5
2011 (projected)	2	4.3	5.0	5.4
2011 (projected)	3	4.5	5.0	5.4
2011 (projected)	4	4.6	5.1	5.5
2012 (projected)	1	4.9	5.1	5.5
2012 (projected)	2	4.5	5.1	5.5
2012 (projected)	3	4.5	5.1	5.5
2012 (projected)	4	4.9	5.1	5.5
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	3.5	4.2
2001	2	3.5	4.0
2001	3	3.3	4.1
2001	4	3.4	4.1
2002	1	3.5	4.1
2002	2	3.4	4.1
2002	3	3.5	4.2
2002	4	3.5	4.1
2003	1	3.5	4.1
2003	2	3.5	3.8
2003	3	3.5	4.1
2003	4	3.8	4.4
2004	1	4.0	4.7
2004	2	4.2	4.7
2004	3	4.1	4.5
2004	4	4.3	4.9
2005	1	5.0	5.3
2005	2	4.5	5.3
2005	3	4.5	5.4
2005	4	4.9	5.3
2006	1	4.8	5.7
2006	2	4.7	5.2
2006	3	4.5	5.3
2006	4	4.8	5.5
2007	1	4.6	5.0
2007	2	4.6	4.9
2007	3	4.6	5.0
2007	4	4.6	5.0
2008	1	5.0	5.3
2008	2	4.7	5.1
2008	3	4.9	5.2
2008	4	5.0	5.5
2009	1	5.1	5.6
2009	2	5.0	5.4
2009	3	4.9	5.2
2009	4	5.1	5.2
2010	1	5.2	5.4
2010	2	5.0	5.7
2010	3	5.0	5.0
2010	4	5.2	5.6
2011 (projected)	1	5.2	5.4
2011 (projected)	2	5.1	5.4
2011 (projected)	3	5.1	5.2
2011 (projected)	4	5.2	5.4
2012 (projected)	1	5.2	5.4
2012 (projected)	2	5.3	5.4
2012 (projected)	3	5.3	5.3
2012 (projected)	4	5.3	5.4
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with PTCA without stents increased over time, from 2.4 percent in 2001 to 5.1 percent in 2010. The mortality rate is projected to remain relatively stable in 2011 and 2012 at 4.7 percent.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest mortality rate, at 3.4 percent in 2001 and increasing to 6.3 percent in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest mortality rate, at 1.4 percent in 2001 and increasing to 3.8 percent in 2010. The mortality rate for adults ages 18 to 44 was erratic due to the small number of discharges among this age group (about 1,000 per quarter).
• The mortality rate was 1.1 percentage point higher for females than for males. Females had a mortality rate that increased from 3.0 percent in 2001 to 5.7 percent in 2010. Males had a mortality rate that increased from 2.1 percent in 2001 to 4.7 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.6
2002	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.3
2003	2.1	2.4	2.1	2.9
2004	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.8
2005	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.8
2006	4.6	4.5	4.1	4.4
2007	4.3	4.2	4.0	4.6
2008	4.5	4.7	4.3	4.6
2009	4.9	4.4	4.7	4.9
2010	5.5	5.0	4.5	5.3
2011 (projected)	4.8	4.8	4.6	4.6
2012 (projected)	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.7
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	1.1	1.3	3.4
2001	2	1.2	1.5	3.0
2001	3	1.3	1.4	3.2
2001	4	1.5	1.3	3.8
2002	1	0.77	1.30	3.73
2002	2	1.3	1.1	3.1
2002	3	0.75	1.43	3.14
2002	4	0.67	1.17	3.30
2003	1	1.1	1.2	3.0
2003	2	0.71	1.48	3.29
2003	3	0.91	1.06	3.13
2003	4	1.0	1.6	4.1
2004	1	0.92	1.75	4.21
2004	2	2.3	1.8	4.4
2004	3	0.94	1.98	4.39
2004	4	1.6	2.1	5.2
2005	1	1.3	3.1	5.3
2005	2	2.6	2.9	5.2
2005	3	2.5	2.7	5.7
2005	4	1.00	2.99	6.39
2006	1	1.7	3.5	5.6
2006	2	2.8	3.4	5.6
2006	3	2.3	2.9	5.1
2006	4	2.5	2.7	6.0
2007	1	3.2	3.0	5.5
2007	2	1.7	2.8	5.6
2007	3	2.8	2.9	5.0
2007	4	2.5	2.6	6.4
2008	1	0.99	3.33	5.80
2008	2	2.8	3.5	5.8
2008	3	2.8	3.2	5.3
2008	4	1.9	3.1	6.2
2009	1	3.1	3.1	6.5
2009	2	2.0	3.4	5.6
2009	3	1.4	3.6	6.1
2009	4	2.9	3.2	6.7
2010	1	3.3	4.1	6.8
2010	2	2.9	3.6	6.2
2010	3	2.7	3.3	5.6
2010	4	3.2	4.0	6.5
2011 (projected)	1	0.99	3.06	5.84
2011 (projected)	2	1.1	3.3	5.8
2011 (projected)	3	0.83	3.06	5.35
2011 (projected)	4	0.81	2.98	5.40
2012 (projected)	1	0.86	2.99	5.34
2012 (projected)	2	0.95	3.10	5.35
2012 (projected)	3	1.0	3.0	5.2
2012 (projected)	4	1.2	3.1	5.4
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	2.0	3.3
2001	2	2.0	2.6
2001	3	2.1	2.8
2001	4	2.3	3.2
2002	1	2.2	3.1
2002	2	1.8	2.8
2002	3	2.0	2.7
2002	4	2.0	2.7
2003	1	1.8	2.7
2003	2	2.2	2.6
2003	3	1.7	2.9
2003	4	2.5	3.7
2004	1	2.9	3.3
2004	2	2.9	3.9
2004	3	2.9	3.8
2004	4	3.4	4.5
2005	1	3.5	5.5
2005	2	3.4	5.3
2005	3	3.7	5.7
2005	4	4.3	5.5
2006	1	4.1	5.4
2006	2	4.1	5.3
2006	3	3.7	4.8
2006	4	3.8	5.5
2007	1	3.9	5.2
2007	2	3.8	4.8
2007	3	3.3	5.2
2007	4	4.1	5.7
2008	1	4.3	4.8
2008	2	4.3	5.2
2008	3	3.8	5.2
2008	4	4.3	5.2
2009	1	4.4	5.8
2009	2	4.1	5.0
2009	3	4.4	5.4
2009	4	4.5	5.8
2010	1	5.3	5.8
2010	2	4.4	5.9
2010	3	4.2	4.9
2010	4	4.8	6.3
2011 (projected)	1	4.3	5.2
2011 (projected)	2	4.3	5.4
2011 (projected)	3	4.2	4.7
2011 (projected)	4	4.2	4.6
2012 (projected)	1	4.5	4.7
2012 (projected)	2	4.4	4.8
2012 (projected)	3	4.4	4.7
2012 (projected)	4	4.6	4.7
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty with Stents

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is used to treat narrowed coronary arteries. This procedure threads special tubing with an attached deflated balloon into the coronary arteries and then inflates the balloon to help clear the blocked areas. This procedure is combined with implantation of a stent (a wire mesh tube) to help keep the artery open and decrease the chance of another blockage. This procedure can include insertion of either a drug-eluting or a non-drug-eluting coronary artery stent. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges with PTCA with stents are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of discharges for PTCA with stents increased from about 151,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 to 200,000 discharges per quarter in 2006, and then decreased to 146,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. This decreasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with quarterly discharges projected to be about 123,000 at the end of 2012.
• For adults age 65 and older, quarterly discharges increased from about 77,000 in 2001 to 101,500 in 2006 and then decreased to 73,000 in 2010. For adults ages 45 to 64, quarterly discharges increased from about 65,500 in 2001 to 88,000 in 2006 and then decreased to 65,500 in 2010. For adults ages 18 to 44, quarterly discharges increased from about 8,500 in 2001 to 10,500 in 2006 and then decreased to 7,500 in 2010.
• Males had about 55,500 more discharges per quarter than did females. For males, quarterly discharges increased from about 100,000 in 2001 to 132,000 in 2006 and then decreased to 97,000 in 2010. For females, quarterly discharges increased from about 51,500 in 2001 to 67,500 in 2006 and then decreased to 49,000 in 2010.

Number of Discharges for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	154,815	154,419	146,350	150,365
2002	158,544	163,353	156,248	164,162
2003	164,563	179,007	177,212	181,687
2004	189,917	192,958	191,372	194,978
2005	198,731	202,465	192,383	191,404
2006	204,628	206,917	197,032	190,793
2007	190,708	176,657	167,251	167,130
2008	172,901	171,597	162,789	159,939
2009	159,541	158,643	147,851	147,781
2010	153,232	151,543	141,504	138,260
2011 (projected)	139,681	139,046	132,354	131,050
2012 (projected)	132,047	130,284	123,959	122,791
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	8,697	66,804	79,313
2001	2	9,021	67,137	78,261
2001	3	8,812	64,163	73,374
2001	4	8,246	64,795	77,324
2002	1	9,146	69,299	80,099
2002	2	9,568	71,483	82,302
2002	3	9,434	69,245	77,569
2002	4	9,297	71,928	82,938
2003	1	9,524	72,189	82,850
2003	2	10,305	78,910	89,792
2003	3	10,171	78,915	88,127
2003	4	9,912	79,251	92,523
2004	1	10,463	83,104	96,350
2004	2	10,530	84,875	97,553
2004	3	10,661	84,040	96,670
2004	4	10,131	85,843	99,003
2005	1	10,662	87,480	100,590
2005	2	10,722	88,780	102,963
2005	3	10,714	85,056	96,614
2005	4	9,846	83,690	97,868
2006	1	10,599	90,089	103,940
2006	2	10,673	90,685	105,559
2006	3	10,344	87,074	99,614
2006	4	9,708	84,002	97,084
2007	1	9,852	83,981	96,875
2007	2	9,443	78,791	88,422
2007	3	9,405	74,896	82,950
2007	4	8,623	74,013	84,494
2008	1	9,048	76,675	87,177
2008	2	9,189	76,759	85,649
2008	3	8,647	74,114	80,028
2008	4	8,373	71,253	80,314
2009	1	8,327	70,996	80,218
2009	2	8,459	71,302	78,882
2009	3	7,899	67,055	72,897
2009	4	7,446	66,087	74,248
2010	1	7,959	68,745	76,525
2010	2	8,003	67,687	75,849
2010	3	7,677	63,643	70,178
2010	4	7,034	61,111	70,108
2011 (projected)	1	7,295	61,819	70,906
2011 (projected)	2	7,270	61,586	70,105
2011 (projected)	3	7,007	59,369	65,984
2011 (projected)	4	6,717	58,042	66,498
2012 (projected)	1	6,759	58,351	67,004
2012 (projected)	2	6,719	57,724	65,601
2012 (projected)	3	6,522	55,517	61,974
2012 (projected)	4	6,212	54,221	62,464
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	102,873	51,935
2001	2	102,189	52,226
2001	3	96,388	49,959
2001	4	98,613	51,748
2002	1	104,303	54,234
2002	2	107,531	55,819
2002	3	102,514	53,730
2002	4	108,543	55,616
2003	1	108,963	55,587
2003	2	118,778	60,224
2003	3	117,496	59,714
2003	4	119,818	61,858
2004	1	125,721	64,190
2004	2	126,936	66,008
2004	3	125,977	65,366
2004	4	128,843	66,117
2005	1	131,464	67,237
2005	2	133,718	68,729
2005	3	126,854	65,502
2005	4	126,749	64,632
2006	1	135,840	68,768
2006	2	136,663	70,234
2006	3	129,752	67,261
2006	4	126,565	64,215
2007	1	126,534	64,163
2007	2	116,612	60,040
2007	3	110,544	56,698
2007	4	110,464	56,649
2008	1	114,871	58,024
2008	2	114,026	57,566
2008	3	107,575	55,205
2008	4	105,686	54,252
2009	1	105,411	54,123
2009	2	104,963	53,677
2009	3	98,219	49,626
2009	4	97,853	49,923
2010	1	102,219	51,005
2010	2	100,490	51,048
2010	3	93,669	47,825
2010	4	91,650	46,602
2011 (projected)	1	92,875	46,763
2011 (projected)	2	92,224	46,515
2011 (projected)	3	87,569	44,415
2011 (projected)	4	86,744	44,073
2012 (projected)	1	87,911	43,994
2012 (projected)	2	86,494	43,342
2012 (projected)	3	82,203	41,641
2012 (projected)	4	81,433	41,288
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for discharges with PTCA with stents increased over time, from about $13,000 in 2001 to $20,500 in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the average hospital cost projected to be about $23,000 at the end of 2012.
• The average hospital cost was similar for all three age groups, increasing from about $13,000 in 2001 to $20,500 in 2010.
• The average hospital cost was similar for males and females, increasing from about $13,500 in 2001 to $21,000 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $13,000 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $16,000 in 2010. By 2010, the average hospital cost exceeded the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$12,828	$12,880	$13,222	$13,831
2002	$13,462	$13,723	$14,135	$14,698
2003	$14,426	$14,610	$15,344	$16,149
2004	$15,855	$16,021	$16,194	$16,685
2005	$16,675	$16,660	$16,765	$17,291
2006	$17,244	$17,155	$17,349	$17,610
2007	$17,040	$17,074	$17,207	$17,833
2008	$18,312	$18,317	$18,665	$19,432
2009	$18,999	$18,946	$19,046	$19,934
2010	$20,443	$20,425	$20,694	$21,385
2011 (projected)	$21,451	$21,502	$21,744	$22,284
2012 (projected)	$22,237	$22,362	$22,633	$23,189
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$12,220	$12,334	$13,315
2001	2	$12,557	$12,474	$13,274
2001	3	$12,706	$12,746	$13,701
2001	4	$13,182	$13,279	$14,363
2002	1	$13,128	$12,882	$14,002
2002	2	$13,417	$13,243	$14,175
2002	3	$13,502	$13,615	$14,675
2002	4	$14,050	$14,170	$15,225
2003	1	$13,874	$13,851	$14,989
2003	2	$14,230	$14,089	$15,100
2003	3	$15,059	$14,866	$15,799
2003	4	$15,557	$15,617	$16,655
2004	1	$15,199	$15,314	$16,391
2004	2	$15,581	$15,562	$16,473
2004	3	$15,903	$15,784	$16,583
2004	4	$16,355	$16,189	$17,161
2005	1	$16,271	$16,115	$17,213
2005	2	$16,523	$16,213	$17,061
2005	3	$16,519	$16,357	$17,153
2005	4	$16,943	$16,817	$17,732
2006	1	$16,889	$16,795	$17,670
2006	2	$16,739	$16,854	$17,459
2006	3	$17,207	$17,034	$17,637
2006	4	$17,398	$17,236	$17,954
2007	1	$16,665	$16,649	$17,418
2007	2	$16,657	$16,739	$17,408
2007	3	$17,124	$16,913	$17,471
2007	4	$17,502	$17,444	$18,210
2008	1	$18,096	$17,866	$18,733
2008	2	$17,930	$17,959	$18,682
2008	3	$18,476	$18,336	$18,989
2008	4	$18,982	$18,876	$19,978
2009	1	$18,378	$18,519	$19,503
2009	2	$18,593	$18,541	$19,362
2009	3	$18,550	$18,651	$19,466
2009	4	$19,336	$19,436	$20,425
2010	1	$19,687	$19,884	$21,036
2010	2	$19,761	$19,952	$20,908
2010	3	$19,794	$20,201	$21,242
2010	4	$20,545	$20,910	$21,893
2011 (projected)	1	$20,573	$20,856	$22,068
2011 (projected)	2	$20,722	$20,988	$22,056
2011 (projected)	3	$20,907	$21,231	$22,344
2011 (projected)	4	$21,288	$21,719	$22,887
2012 (projected)	1	$21,550	$21,674	$22,874
2012 (projected)	2	$21,743	$21,869	$22,958
2012 (projected)	3	$21,980	$22,157	$23,257
2012 (projected)	4	$22,274	$22,645	$23,826
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$12,659	$13,169
2001	2	$12,701	$13,235
2001	3	$13,031	$13,598
2001	4	$13,658	$14,172
2002	1	$13,251	$13,874
2002	2	$13,527	$14,115
2002	3	$13,939	$14,526
2002	4	$14,539	$15,016
2003	1	$14,236	$14,812
2003	2	$14,407	$15,020
2003	3	$15,145	$15,747
2003	4	$15,927	$16,593
2004	1	$15,705	$16,162
2004	2	$15,856	$16,350
2004	3	$16,063	$16,458
2004	4	$16,504	$17,053
2005	1	$16,490	$17,057
2005	2	$16,520	$16,946
2005	3	$16,609	$17,077
2005	4	$17,137	$17,601
2006	1	$17,055	$17,625
2006	2	$17,011	$17,446
2006	3	$17,226	$17,596
2006	4	$17,419	$18,001
2007	1	$16,880	$17,375
2007	2	$16,955	$17,313
2007	3	$17,101	$17,419
2007	4	$17,669	$18,162
2008	1	$18,135	$18,676
2008	2	$18,169	$18,619
2008	3	$18,546	$18,908
2008	4	$19,288	$19,722
2009	1	$18,853	$19,295
2009	2	$18,815	$19,208
2009	3	$18,952	$19,234
2009	4	$19,778	$20,253
2010	1	$20,325	$20,665
2010	2	$20,303	$20,664
2010	3	$20,538	$21,000
2010	4	$21,234	$21,685
2011 (projected)	1	$21,282	$21,724
2011 (projected)	2	$21,360	$21,743
2011 (projected)	3	$21,583	$22,024
2011 (projected)	4	$22,115	$22,592
2012 (projected)	1	$22,086	$22,525
2012 (projected)	2	$22,207	$22,613
2012 (projected)	3	$22,473	$22,883
2012 (projected)	4	$23,008	$23,482
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with PTCA with stents decreased from 3.2 days in 2001 to 2.9 days in 2006 and then increased to 3.4 days in 2010. Length of stay is projected to remain at about this same level in 2011 and 2012.
• For adults age 65 and older, length of stay decreased from 3.6 days in 2001 to 3.2 days in 2006 and then increased to 3.7 days in 2010. Length of stay was similar and relatively stable over time for the two younger age groups at about 2.8 days.
• Length of stay was 0.6 days longer for females than for males. Females had a length of stay of 3.7 days in 2001, decreasing to 3.3 days in 2006, and then increasing to 3.7 days in 2010. Males had a relatively stable length of stay over time at 2.9 days.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2
2002	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2
2003	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.1
2004	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.0
2005	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.9
2006	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
2007	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0
2008	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2
2009	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.3
2010	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4
2011 (projected)	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.5
2012 (projected)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.6
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	2.8	2.8	3.7
2001	2	2.9	2.8	3.5
2001	3	2.8	2.8	3.6
2001	4	2.9	2.8	3.6
2002	1	2.9	2.8	3.6
2002	2	2.9	2.8	3.5
2002	3	2.8	2.8	3.5
2002	4	2.9	2.8	3.6
2003	1	2.9	2.9	3.7
2003	2	2.8	2.7	3.4
2003	3	2.9	2.7	3.4
2003	4	2.9	2.7	3.4
2004	1	2.7	2.7	3.5
2004	2	2.7	2.7	3.3
2004	3	2.7	2.7	3.2
2004	4	2.8	2.7	3.3
2005	1	2.7	2.7	3.3
2005	2	2.7	2.6	3.2
2005	3	2.7	2.6	3.1
2005	4	2.7	2.6	3.2
2006	1	2.7	2.7	3.2
2006	2	2.7	2.6	3.1
2006	3	2.8	2.6	3.1
2006	4	2.7	2.7	3.2
2007	1	2.7	2.7	3.2
2007	2	2.7	2.7	3.2
2007	3	2.8	2.7	3.1
2007	4	2.8	2.7	3.3
2008	1	2.9	2.8	3.5
2008	2	2.8	2.8	3.3
2008	3	2.8	2.8	3.3
2008	4	2.8	2.9	3.5
2009	1	3.0	2.9	3.6
2009	2	2.9	2.9	3.4
2009	3	2.9	2.9	3.4
2009	4	3.0	3.0	3.6
2010	1	2.9	3.0	3.7
2010	2	2.9	3.0	3.6
2010	3	2.9	3.0	3.6
2010	4	3.0	3.1	3.7
2011 (projected)	1	3.0	3.1	3.8
2011 (projected)	2	2.9	3.1	3.7
2011 (projected)	3	3.0	3.1	3.7
2011 (projected)	4	3.0	3.1	3.8
2012 (projected)	1	3.0	3.1	3.9
2012 (projected)	2	3.0	3.1	3.8
2012 (projected)	3	3.0	3.1	3.8
2012 (projected)	4	3.0	3.1	4.0
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	3.0	3.8
2001	2	2.9	3.6
2001	3	2.9	3.6
2001	4	3.0	3.7
2002	1	3.0	3.7
2002	2	2.9	3.6
2002	3	2.9	3.6
2002	4	3.0	3.6
2003	1	3.0	3.7
2003	2	2.9	3.5
2003	3	2.8	3.5
2003	4	2.9	3.6
2004	1	2.9	3.5
2004	2	2.8	3.4
2004	3	2.8	3.3
2004	4	2.8	3.4
2005	1	2.8	3.4
2005	2	2.7	3.3
2005	3	2.7	3.2
2005	4	2.7	3.3
2006	1	2.7	3.4
2006	2	2.7	3.2
2006	3	2.7	3.2
2006	4	2.7	3.3
2007	1	2.8	3.3
2007	2	2.7	3.3
2007	3	2.7	3.3
2007	4	2.8	3.4
2008	1	3.0	3.6
2008	2	2.9	3.4
2008	3	2.9	3.4
2008	4	3.0	3.5
2009	1	3.1	3.7
2009	2	3.0	3.5
2009	3	3.0	3.5
2009	4	3.1	3.7
2010	1	3.2	3.7
2010	2	3.1	3.6
2010	3	3.1	3.6
2010	4	3.2	3.8
2011 (projected)	1	3.3	3.8
2011 (projected)	2	3.2	3.7
2011 (projected)	3	3.2	3.7
2011 (projected)	4	3.3	3.8
2012 (projected)	1	3.3	3.9
2012 (projected)	2	3.3	3.8
2012 (projected)	3	3.3	3.8
2012 (projected)	4	3.4	3.9
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with PTCA with stents decreased from 1.3 percent in 2001 to 1.1 percent in 2006, and then increased to 1.5 percent in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the mortality rate projected to be 1.7 percent in 2012.
• The mortality rate varied over time for the three age groups. For adults age 65 and older, the mortality rate decreased from 1.9 percent in 2001 to 1.5 percent in 2006 and then increased to 2.1 percent in 2010. For adults ages 45 to 64, the mortality rate increased from 0.6 percent in 2001 to 0.9 percent in 2010. For adults ages 18 to 44, the mortality rate increased from 0.4 percent in 2001 to 0.7 percent in 2010.
• The mortality rate was 0.6 percentage points higher for females than for males. For females, the mortality rate decreased from 1.7 percent in 2001 to 1.4 percent in 2006 and then increased to 1.9 percent in 2010. For males, the mortality rate decreased from 1.0 percent in 2001 to 0.9 percent in 2006 and then increased to 1.3 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3
2002	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3
2003	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.2
2004	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1
2005	1.2	1.0	1.00	1.1
2006	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1
2007	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.3
2008	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.4
2009	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.5
2010	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.6
2011 (projected)	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.7
2012 (projected)	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.8
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	0.41	0.61	1.98
2001	2	0.54	0.62	1.92
2001	3	0.26	0.60	1.81
2001	4	0.57	0.62	2.04
2002	1	0.45	0.65	1.99
2002	2	0.45	0.65	1.73
2002	3	0.43	0.59	1.78
2002	4	0.45	0.62	1.90
2003	1	0.49	0.68	1.97
2003	2	0.47	0.54	1.73
2003	3	0.44	0.52	1.55
2003	4	0.37	0.66	1.78
2004	1	0.35	0.65	1.68
2004	2	0.48	0.56	1.62
2004	3	0.38	0.60	1.50
2004	4	0.51	0.58	1.66
2005	1	0.51	0.67	1.66
2005	2	0.47	0.56	1.49
2005	3	0.38	0.58	1.44
2005	4	0.64	0.65	1.63
2006	1	0.36	0.60	1.61
2006	2	0.50	0.61	1.44
2006	3	0.42	0.58	1.50
2006	4	0.57	0.63	1.57
2007	1	0.44	0.64	1.62
2007	2	0.40	0.69	1.60
2007	3	0.58	0.71	1.54
2007	4	0.50	0.70	1.83
2008	1	0.52	0.77	1.97
2008	2	0.49	0.78	1.69
2008	3	0.65	0.71	1.75
2008	4	0.78	0.81	2.00
2009	1	0.71	0.82	2.08
2009	2	0.72	0.77	1.91
2009	3	0.71	0.77	1.85
2009	4	0.71	1.02	2.09
2010	1	0.75	0.94	2.12
2010	2	0.66	0.92	1.98
2010	3	0.62	0.88	1.96
2010	4	0.87	1.04	2.21
2011 (projected)	1	0.81	0.96	2.30
2011 (projected)	2	0.56	0.97	2.08
2011 (projected)	3	0.42	0.99	2.12
2011 (projected)	4	0.76	1.00	2.23
2012 (projected)	1	1.2	1.0	2.3
2012 (projected)	2	0.72	1.07	2.23
2012 (projected)	3	0.75	1.09	2.25
2012 (projected)	4	1.5	1.1	2.4
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	1.1	1.7
2001	2	1.0	1.7
2001	3	0.93	1.66
2001	4	1.1	1.8
2002	1	1.1	1.8
2002	2	0.99	1.55
2002	3	0.92	1.65
2002	4	1.1	1.6
2003	1	1.1	1.8
2003	2	0.90	1.59
2003	3	0.84	1.41
2003	4	0.99	1.65
2004	1	0.97	1.51
2004	2	0.89	1.47
2004	3	0.83	1.46
2004	4	0.93	1.49
2005	1	0.98	1.52
2005	2	0.86	1.35
2005	3	0.79	1.41
2005	4	0.97	1.51
2006	1	0.90	1.50
2006	2	0.84	1.39
2006	3	0.88	1.35
2006	4	0.89	1.53
2007	1	0.95	1.49
2007	2	0.98	1.43
2007	3	0.97	1.41
2007	4	1.1	1.7
2008	1	1.1	1.8
2008	2	1.0	1.5
2008	3	1.0	1.6
2008	4	1.2	1.8
2009	1	1.2	1.9
2009	2	1.1	1.8
2009	3	1.1	1.6
2009	4	1.4	1.9
2010	1	1.3	1.9
2010	2	1.2	1.9
2010	3	1.3	1.7
2010	4	1.4	2.0
2011 (projected)	1	1.4	2.0
2011 (projected)	2	1.3	1.9
2011 (projected)	3	1.3	1.9
2011 (projected)	4	1.4	2.0
2012 (projected)	1	1.5	2.1
2012 (projected)	2	1.5	2.1
2012 (projected)	3	1.5	2.1
2012 (projected)	4	1.6	2.3
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Aortic Resection

Aortic resection is used to repair an aortic dissection involving a tear in the inner wall of the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the human body, traveling from the heart through the chest and abdomen to deliver oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges with an aortic resection are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of discharges for aortic resection decreased from about 12,000 discharges per quarter in 2001 to 10,500 discharges per quarter in 2003, and then increased to 13,000 discharges per quarter in 2008. Discharges remained relatively stable at about 13,000 discharges per quarter since 2008 and are projected to continue at about this same level in 2011 and 2012.
• Discharges varied over time for the three age groups. For adults age 65 and older, quarterly discharges decreased from about 9,500 in 2001 to 8,500 in 2003 and then increased to 10,500 in 2008, where it has remained. For adults ages 45 to 64, quarterly discharges were relatively stable at about 2,000 discharge per quarter between 2001 and 2003 and then increased to about 2,500 discharges per quarter in 2008, where it has remained. For adults ages 18 to 44, quarterly discharges increased from about 100 in 2001 to 250 in 2010.
• Males had about 6,500 more discharges per quarter than did females. For males, quarterly discharges decreased from about 9,500 in 2001 to 8,000 in 2003 and then increased to 10,000 in 2008, where it has remained. For females, discharges increased slightly from about 2,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 to 3,000 discharges per quarter in 2010.

Number of Discharges for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	11,806	11,475	11,602	12,515
2002	11,812	11,753	10,883	10,951
2003	10,311	10,484	10,176	11,205
2004	10,840	10,846	10,872	11,328
2005	11,167	11,466	11,522	12,462
2006	12,180	12,538	12,103	12,776
2007	12,715	12,640	12,747	12,900
2008	12,826	13,279	13,056	13,701
2009	12,858	13,362	13,027	13,040
2010	12,809	13,067	12,774	12,837
2011 (projected)	13,045	13,042	12,974	13,136
2012 (projected)	13,083	13,141	13,070	13,226
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	142	2,081	9,583
2001	2	93	2,063	9,318
2001	3	100	2,083	9,419
2001	4	99	2,198	10,217
2002	1	102	2,170	9,540
2002	2	110	2,104	9,540
2002	3	112	1,916	8,855
2002	4	92	1,985	8,874
2003	1	118	1,876	8,317
2003	2	118	1,893	8,473
2003	3	105	1,837	8,235
2003	4	111	2,052	9,042
2004	1	122	1,991	8,727
2004	2	85	1,954	8,807
2004	3	111	1,973	8,788
2004	4	136	2,023	9,169
2005	1	126	2,028	9,013
2005	2	134	2,096	9,237
2005	3	148	2,099	9,276
2005	4	223	2,375	9,864
2006	1	204	2,240	9,736
2006	2	210	2,387	9,940
2006	3	200	2,226	9,677
2006	4	194	2,376	10,207
2007	1	220	2,363	10,132
2007	2	229	2,330	10,081
2007	3	213	2,305	10,229
2007	4	236	2,414	10,250
2008	1	194	2,391	10,241
2008	2	240	2,467	10,572
2008	3	215	2,332	10,509
2008	4	242	2,668	10,791
2009	1	259	2,433	10,166
2009	2	231	2,458	10,673
2009	3	231	2,384	10,412
2009	4	238	2,481	10,322
2010	1	252	2,469	10,092
2010	2	237	2,439	10,394
2010	3	275	2,406	10,098
2010	4	264	2,527	10,050
2011 (projected)	1	280	2,483	10,316
2011 (projected)	2	274	2,457	10,373
2011 (projected)	3	285	2,497	10,200
2011 (projected)	4	299	2,528	10,362
2012 (projected)	1	307	2,514	10,340
2012 (projected)	2	315	2,517	10,420
2012 (projected)	3	323	2,522	10,319
2012 (projected)	4	331	2,558	10,425
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	9,318	2,487
2001	2	8,917	2,558
2001	3	9,093	2,509
2001	4	9,806	2,708
2002	1	9,277	2,535
2002	2	9,167	2,586
2002	3	8,505	2,378
2002	4	8,594	2,356
2003	1	8,034	2,276
2003	2	8,105	2,380
2003	3	7,893	2,284
2003	4	8,716	2,490
2004	1	8,576	2,264
2004	2	8,462	2,384
2004	3	8,483	2,387
2004	4	8,897	2,429
2005	1	8,805	2,359
2005	2	8,965	2,498
2005	3	9,066	2,457
2005	4	9,734	2,726
2006	1	9,481	2,699
2006	2	9,677	2,860
2006	3	9,462	2,638
2006	4	9,867	2,908
2007	1	9,895	2,820
2007	2	9,822	2,818
2007	3	9,855	2,892
2007	4	9,899	3,001
2008	1	9,992	2,831
2008	2	10,250	3,029
2008	3	10,019	3,034
2008	4	10,542	3,159
2009	1	9,940	2,917
2009	2	10,252	3,110
2009	3	10,021	3,007
2009	4	9,937	3,103
2010	1	9,784	3,021
2010	2	9,886	3,176
2010	3	9,699	3,076
2010	4	9,869	2,972
2011 (projected)	1	9,946	3,107
2011 (projected)	2	9,855	3,164
2011 (projected)	3	9,765	3,158
2011 (projected)	4	9,948	3,178
2012 (projected)	1	9,883	3,192
2012 (projected)	2	9,870	3,207
2012 (projected)	3	9,791	3,222
2012 (projected)	4	9,915	3,238
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for discharges with aortic resection increased over time, from about $26,000 in 2001 to $37,500 in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the average hospital cost projected to be about $41,000 at the end of 2012.
• The average hospital cost was initially similar for the two older age groups, at about $26,000 in 2001, but increased at a greater rate for adults ages 45 to 64 than for adults age 65 and older. For adults ages 45 to 64, the average hospital cost was $41,500 in 2010. For adults age 65 and older, the average hospital cost was $35,500 in 2010. The average hospital cost for adults ages 18 to 44 was not included due to the small number of discharges among this age group (about 175 per quarter).
• The average hospital cost was about $4,000 higher for females than for males. Females had an average hospital cost that increased from about $29,000 in 2001 to $41,000 in 2010. Males had an average hospital cost that increased from about $25,000 in 2001 to $36,000 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $26,000 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $32,500 in 2010. By 2010, the average hospital cost exceeded the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$25,560	$25,730	$25,538	$27,162
2002	$26,861	$26,997	$27,870	$28,599
2003	$27,256	$28,020	$28,025	$28,624
2004	$28,242	$27,646	$27,691	$28,726
2005	$28,130	$28,596	$28,464	$30,345
2006	$29,941	$31,128	$30,718	$31,923
2007	$31,773	$32,248	$32,308	$34,036
2008	$33,029	$33,786	$33,827	$34,874
2009	$35,001	$34,568	$34,260	$36,287
2010	$36,906	$36,670	$37,058	$38,870
2011 (projected)	$38,040	$38,448	$38,760	$39,580
2012 (projected)	$39,571	$39,786	$40,150	$41,087
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$35,585	$25,022	$25,564
2001	2	$37,361	$26,247	$25,460
2001	3	$43,571	$24,528	$25,570
2001	4	$46,727	$26,430	$27,190
2002	1	$46,686	$25,326	$27,022
2002	2	$38,448	$25,877	$27,116
2002	3	$40,680	$26,937	$27,905
2002	4	$42,626	$28,528	$28,473
2003	1	$35,584	$27,605	$27,067
2003	2	$50,041	$27,866	$27,787
2003	3	$41,519	$28,452	$27,741
2003	4	$39,827	$28,959	$28,478
2004	1	$49,376	$26,921	$28,295
2004	2	$40,400	$28,517	$27,319
2004	3	$50,017	$28,398	$27,235
2004	4	$55,650	$30,345	$28,036
2005	1	$59,094	$29,298	$27,575
2005	2	$47,170	$30,091	$27,957
2005	3	$43,449	$29,238	$28,059
2005	4	$48,233	$31,718	$29,659
2006	1	$50,194	$31,705	$29,126
2006	2	$56,653	$33,598	$30,034
2006	3	$62,884	$32,739	$29,770
2006	4	$53,039	$34,203	$30,932
2007	1	$64,095	$33,337	$30,800
2007	2	$60,429	$34,341	$31,114
2007	3	$58,563	$35,278	$31,152
2007	4	$59,944	$35,555	$32,948
2008	1	$55,262	$35,286	$32,088
2008	2	$58,766	$38,394	$32,287
2008	3	$58,992	$36,808	$32,606
2008	4	$66,265	$38,132	$33,388
2009	1	$67,867	$40,414	$32,928
2009	2	$70,080	$38,456	$32,974
2009	3	$65,589	$37,084	$32,985
2009	4	$63,874	$40,805	$34,698
2010	1	$65,908	$41,183	$35,225
2010	2	$68,067	$39,550	$35,295
2010	3	$68,119	$41,372	$35,228
2010	4	$75,004	$42,942	$36,866
2011 (projected)	1	$69,302	$43,057	$36,018
2011 (projected)	2	$65,635	$43,478	$36,489
2011 (projected)	3	$67,775	$43,531	$36,757
2011 (projected)	4	$69,029	$43,804	$37,455
2012 (projected)	1	$69,869	$44,337	$37,476
2012 (projected)	2	$70,425	$44,881	$37,646
2012 (projected)	3	$71,204	$45,452	$37,970
2012 (projected)	4	$70,990	$46,039	$38,762
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$24,724	$28,878
2001	2	$24,892	$28,579
2001	3	$24,644	$28,730
2001	4	$26,262	$30,236
2002	1	$26,040	$29,720
2002	2	$26,175	$29,757
2002	3	$27,301	$30,045
2002	4	$27,741	$31,680
2003	1	$26,498	$29,922
2003	2	$27,213	$30,794
2003	3	$27,161	$30,903
2003	4	$27,558	$32,473
2004	1	$27,355	$31,546
2004	2	$27,025	$29,718
2004	3	$26,909	$30,148
2004	4	$27,811	$32,001
2005	1	$27,552	$30,243
2005	2	$27,721	$31,606
2005	3	$28,004	$30,385
2005	4	$29,214	$34,588
2006	1	$29,011	$33,242
2006	2	$29,835	$35,629
2006	3	$29,764	$34,003
2006	4	$30,605	$36,363
2007	1	$30,973	$34,536
2007	2	$31,510	$34,681
2007	3	$31,121	$36,310
2007	4	$33,114	$37,015
2008	1	$31,772	$37,648
2008	2	$32,665	$37,659
2008	3	$32,618	$37,682
2008	4	$33,717	$38,668
2009	1	$33,729	$39,096
2009	2	$33,504	$38,127
2009	3	$33,319	$37,374
2009	4	$35,348	$39,309
2010	1	$35,724	$40,716
2010	2	$35,485	$40,269
2010	3	$35,844	$40,885
2010	4	$37,597	$42,959
2011 (projected)	1	$36,984	$41,596
2011 (projected)	2	$37,295	$42,474
2011 (projected)	3	$37,429	$42,491
2011 (projected)	4	$38,081	$43,446
2012 (projected)	1	$38,368	$43,669
2012 (projected)	2	$38,521	$44,086
2012 (projected)	3	$38,724	$44,330
2012 (projected)	4	$39,558	$45,329
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with aortic resection decreased over time, from 9.4 days in 2001 to 6.2 days in 2010. This decreasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with length of stay projected to be 5.8 days at the end of 2012.
• Length of stay was initially similar for the two older age groups, at about 9.2 days in 2001, but decreased at a greater rate for adults age 65 and older than for adults ages 45 to 64. For adults age 65 and older, length of stay was 5.8 days in 2010. For adults ages 45 to 64, length of stay was 7.2 days in 2010. The length of stay for adults ages 18 to 44 was not included due to the small number of discharges among this age group (about 175 per quarter).
• Length of stay was 2.1 days longer for females than for males. Females had a length of stay that decreased from 11.2 days in 2001 to 7.7 days in 2010. Males had a length of stay that decreased from 8.9 days in 2001 to 5.8 days in 2010.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	9.4	9.8	9.2	9.1
2002	9.2	9.0	9.0	9.0
2003	8.7	8.4	8.3	8.4
2004	8.6	7.9	7.9	7.8
2005	7.6	7.4	7.3	7.3
2006	7.3	7.3	7.0	7.1
2007	7.1	6.9	6.7	7.0
2008	6.8	6.7	6.5	6.6
2009	6.6	6.3	6.0	6.4
2010	6.3	6.1	6.1	6.4
2011 (projected)	6.1	6.0	5.9	6.0
2012 (projected)	6.0	5.9	5.8	5.8
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	10.4	9.0	9.5
2001	2	10.9	9.6	9.8
2001	3	12.6	8.8	9.3
2001	4	13.8	8.7	9.1
2002	1	15.5	8.6	9.3
2002	2	11.6	8.6	9.0
2002	3	11.3	9.0	8.9
2002	4	13.4	9.1	8.9
2003	1	11.3	8.6	8.7
2003	2	15.3	8.4	8.4
2003	3	11.3	8.5	8.3
2003	4	10.1	8.6	8.3
2004	1	14.8	8.2	8.6
2004	2	10.4	8.5	7.8
2004	3	14.0	8.5	7.7
2004	4	14.3	8.1	7.6
2005	1	15.7	7.7	7.5
2005	2	13.3	8.0	7.2
2005	3	11.5	8.3	7.0
2005	4	12.7	7.5	7.2
2006	1	12.7	7.9	7.0
2006	2	14.6	8.2	6.9
2006	3	14.8	7.6	6.7
2006	4	12.2	7.9	6.8
2007	1	15.2	7.5	6.9
2007	2	13.0	7.5	6.7
2007	3	15.3	7.6	6.4
2007	4	13.3	7.6	6.7
2008	1	12.0	7.5	6.5
2008	2	14.2	8.2	6.3
2008	3	12.2	7.2	6.2
2008	4	15.4	7.5	6.1
2009	1	14.8	8.1	6.0
2009	2	16.2	7.4	5.8
2009	3	14.1	7.0	5.6
2009	4	12.8	7.7	5.9
2010	1	12.7	7.3	5.9
2010	2	15.7	7.0	5.7
2010	3	14.7	7.2	5.6
2010	4	14.4	7.3	5.9
2011 (projected)	1	13.3	7.5	5.6
2011 (projected)	2	12.8	7.5	5.4
2011 (projected)	3	13.5	7.5	5.4
2011 (projected)	4	14.0	7.4	5.4
2012 (projected)	1	14.0	7.4	5.5
2012 (projected)	2	14.0	7.4	5.3
2012 (projected)	3	14.0	7.4	5.1
2012 (projected)	4	14.1	7.3	5.2
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	8.9	11.4
2001	2	9.3	11.6
2001	3	8.7	11.0
2001	4	8.5	10.9
2002	1	8.8	10.9
2002	2	8.5	10.8
2002	3	8.6	10.5
2002	4	8.5	10.6
2003	1	8.2	10.4
2003	2	8.0	10.1
2003	3	7.9	10.0
2003	4	7.9	10.1
2004	1	8.1	10.4
2004	2	7.6	9.2
2004	3	7.4	9.7
2004	4	7.3	9.5
2005	1	7.2	9.0
2005	2	7.0	9.1
2005	3	6.9	8.6
2005	4	6.8	9.4
2006	1	6.8	8.8
2006	2	6.7	9.1
2006	3	6.6	8.4
2006	4	6.5	8.9
2007	1	6.7	8.5
2007	2	6.5	8.4
2007	3	6.2	8.4
2007	4	6.5	8.5
2008	1	6.2	8.8
2008	2	6.2	8.4
2008	3	6.0	8.0
2008	4	6.0	8.4
2009	1	6.1	8.1
2009	2	5.8	7.7
2009	3	5.6	7.2
2009	4	6.0	7.7
2010	1	5.8	7.9
2010	2	5.7	7.4
2010	3	5.6	7.6
2010	4	5.9	7.9
2011 (projected)	1	5.7	7.5
2011 (projected)	2	5.5	7.7
2011 (projected)	3	5.6	7.6
2011 (projected)	4	5.5	7.6
2012 (projected)	1	5.5	7.5
2012 (projected)	2	5.5	7.5
2012 (projected)	3	5.4	7.5
2012 (projected)	4	5.4	7.5
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with aortic resection decreased over time, from 9.3 percent in 2001 to 5.0 percent in 2010. This decreasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the mortality rate projected to be 4.5 percent at the end of 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest mortality rate, at 10.0 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 5.2 percent in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest mortality rate, at 6.1 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 4.4 percent in 2010. The mortality rate for adults ages 18 to 44 was not included due to the small number of discharges among this age group (about 175 per quarter).
• The mortality rate was 3.5 percentage points higher for females than for males. Females had a mortality rate that decreased from 11.9 percent in 2001 to 7.4 percent in 2010. Males had a mortality rate that decreased from 8.5 percent in 2001 to 4.3 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	10.2	9.2	8.8	8.8
2002	10.0	9.0	8.9	8.8
2003	8.7	8.8	8.2	7.7
2004	7.8	7.0	6.3	6.9
2005	7.2	6.5	6.7	6.5
2006	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.1
2007	6.0	5.7	5.5	6.0
2008	5.9	5.0	5.1	5.6
2009	5.6	5.2	5.2	5.2
2010	5.3	5.1	4.7	5.0
2011 (projected)	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.7
2012 (projected)	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.5
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year Quarter Age 18-44 Age 45-64 Age 65+

2001	1	10.6	6.6	11.0
2001	2	6.7	5.9	10.0
2001	3	14.1	5.4	9.5
2001	4	3.5	6.4	9.4
2002	1	3.8	6.5	10.8
2002	2	10.0	5.2	9.8
2002	3	3.9	4.8	9.9
2002	4	10.3	5.3	9.5
2003	1	13.0	5.9	9.2
2003	2	15.4	5.6	9.5
2003	3	12.2	6.0	8.7
2003	4	2.4	5.9	8.2
2004	1	13.2	4.1	8.6
2004	2	4.0	4.8	7.5
2004	3	11.6	4.0	6.8
2004	4	10.3	4.5	7.4
2005	1	9.6	5.3	7.7
2005	2	4.3	5.8	6.7
2005	3	7.3	3.2	7.4
2005	4	9.2	5.2	6.8
2006	1	8.1	4.5	6.5
2006	2	4.5	5.2	6.7
2006	3	7.5	4.4	6.3
2006	4	7.1	4.8	6.4
2007	1	7.8	4.3	6.4
2007	2	8.3	4.3	5.9
2007	3	9.4	3.7	5.8
2007	4	10.7	4.2	6.3
2008	1	3.2	4.2	6.4
2008	2	5.6	4.2	5.1
2008	3	6.7	4.0	5.3
2008	4	2.1	3.4	6.2
2009	1	10.2	4.8	5.7
2009	2	5.1	4.1	5.4
2009	3	7.1	4.3	5.4
2009	4	8.3	3.9	5.4
2010	1	5.8	4.7	5.5
2010	2	7.7	4.4	5.2
2010	3	5.5	4.7	4.7
2010	4	6.6	3.8	5.3
2011 (projected)	1	1.5	3.7	4.8
2011 (projected)	2	2.2	3.2	4.9
2011 (projected)	3	5.4	3.2	4.7
2011 (projected)	4	7.4	3.1	4.7
2012 (projected)	1	2.4	3.1	4.7
2012 (projected)	2	4.7	3.1	4.6
2012 (projected)	3	8.6	3.2	4.5
2012 (projected)	4	9.9	3.2	4.5
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	9.4	12.8
2001	2	8.5	11.6
2001	3	8.2	11.2
2001	4	8.0	11.8
2002	1	8.9	13.7
2002	2	8.1	12.3
2002	3	8.4	11.0
2002	4	7.4	14.0
2003	1	7.9	11.5
2003	2	8.0	11.3
2003	3	7.4	10.7
2003	4	6.8	10.8
2004	1	7.1	10.5
2004	2	6.2	9.6
2004	3	5.5	9.2
2004	4	6.0	10.3
2005	1	6.3	10.8
2005	2	5.4	10.5
2005	3	5.9	9.4
2005	4	5.8	9.3
2006	1	5.5	8.5
2006	2	5.5	9.3
2006	3	5.3	8.4
2006	4	5.2	9.1
2007	1	5.3	8.6
2007	2	5.0	8.1
2007	3	4.5	8.7
2007	4	5.3	8.1
2008	1	5.2	8.8
2008	2	4.2	7.4
2008	3	4.6	6.8
2008	4	4.8	8.1
2009	1	5.1	7.2
2009	2	4.3	8.3
2009	3	4.5	7.6
2009	4	4.4	7.8
2010	1	4.8	7.1
2010	2	4.3	7.7
2010	3	4.0	6.7
2010	4	4.1	7.9
2011 (projected)	1	4.2	6.5
2011 (projected)	2	4.1	7.0
2011 (projected)	3	4.2	6.8
2011 (projected)	4	4.0	6.8
2012 (projected)	1	4.0	6.8
2012 (projected)	2	4.1	6.8
2012 (projected)	3	4.1	6.8
2012 (projected)	4	3.9	6.7
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Carotid Endarterectomy

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a procedure in which blockage (plaque) is surgically removed from the carotid artery to improve blood flow to the brain. There are two carotid arteries located in the right and left sides of the neck, and bring oxygen and nutrients to the brain. Using the HCUP SID from 2001 to 2010 and early 2011 data from 10 States, different outcomes for inpatient discharges with CEA are projected for 2011 to 2012.

Projections include the following:

• Total inpatient discharges for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Discharge counts exclude inpatient stays that were transferred out to another acute care hospital. This ensures that these events are not double counted.
• Average total hospital cost for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. Average total hospital cost reflects actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services; physician costs are not included. For comparison, a line is included that depicts the change in the average inpatient hospital cost per admission in the first quarter of 2001 (Q1 2001) due solely to economy-wide inflation. The difference between the actual/projected cost line and the inflation-adjusted Q1 2001 cost line represents cost increases due to other non-inflation factors, such as new technology, patient case mix, etc.
• Average length of stay for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero.
• In-hospital mortality rate for all adults, adults by age group, and adults by gender.

Number of Discharges

Key Findings:

• The number of discharges for CEA decreased over time, from about 36,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 to 26,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. This decreasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with quarterly discharges projected to be about 23,500 at the end of 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest discharges, at about 28,000 discharges per quarter in 2001 and decreasing to 20,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the next highest discharges, at about 8,500 discharges per quarter in 2001 and decreasing to 6,500 discharges per quarter in 2010. Adults ages 18 to 44 had the lowest discharges, at about 175 discharges per quarter in 2001 and decreasing to 100 discharges per quarter in 2010.
• Males had about 5,000 more discharges per quarter than did females. Males had about 21,000 discharges per quarter in 2001, decreasing to 15,000 discharges per quarter in 2010. Females had about 15,500 discharges per quarter in 2001, decreasing to 11,000 discharges per quarter in 2010.

Number of Discharges for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	36,539	37,800	36,633	35,581
2002	36,167	38,264	36,595	34,830
2003	34,983	35,799	35,105	33,810
2004	33,763	35,319	33,784	32,363
2005	32,114	32,682	32,005	30,002
2006	30,482	30,346	29,788	28,828
2007	29,317	30,415	28,805	27,820
2008	27,984	29,372	28,294	27,340
2009	27,211	28,442	27,960	26,370
2010	26,190	27,005	26,410	25,121
2011 (projected)	25,103	25,678	25,146	24,277
2012 (projected)	24,250	24,698	24,087	23,312
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	150	8,257	28,131
2001	2	170	8,571	29,059
2001	3	195	8,245	28,194
2001	4	192	7,987	27,402
2002	1	176	8,114	27,877
2002	2	169	8,723	29,372
2002	3	179	8,477	27,940
2002	4	132	8,077	26,621
2003	1	152	8,159	26,672
2003	2	140	8,422	27,236
2003	3	153	8,377	26,575
2003	4	113	8,034	25,663
2004	1	132	8,061	25,570
2004	2	143	8,451	26,724
2004	3	158	8,092	25,534
2004	4	141	7,663	24,559
2005	1	156	7,715	24,243
2005	2	137	7,671	24,875
2005	3	139	7,647	24,220
2005	4	134	7,374	22,494
2006	1	126	7,173	23,184
2006	2	131	7,258	22,958
2006	3	128	7,189	22,472
2006	4	131	6,922	21,775
2007	1	116	6,916	22,285
2007	2	118	7,352	22,945
2007	3	108	7,038	21,659
2007	4	119	6,638	21,062
2008	1	98	6,622	21,263
2008	2	111	6,907	22,354
2008	3	126	6,736	21,432
2008	4	94	6,639	20,608
2009	1	84	6,475	20,651
2009	2	139	6,692	21,611
2009	3	108	6,620	21,231
2009	4	101	6,360	19,910
2010	1	74	6,256	19,850
2010	2	102	6,386	20,507
2010	3	95	6,436	19,867
2010	4	93	6,036	18,980
2011 (projected)	1	110	6,002	18,957
2011 (projected)	2	93	6,005	19,488
2011 (projected)	3	98	5,951	18,876
2011 (projected)	4	111	5,895	18,238
2012 (projected)	1	111	5,844	18,356
2012 (projected)	2	111	5,798	18,777
2012 (projected)	3	111	5,752	18,098
2012 (projected)	4	110	5,667	17,471
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Number of Discharges by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	21,202	15,336
2001	2	21,827	15,972
2001	3	21,101	15,532
2001	4	20,470	15,111
2002	1	20,903	15,263
2002	2	22,021	16,244
2002	3	21,060	15,536
2002	4	19,959	14,872
2003	1	20,254	14,726
2003	2	20,825	14,974
2003	3	20,164	14,940
2003	4	19,410	14,400
2004	1	19,636	14,127
2004	2	20,146	15,169
2004	3	19,387	14,394
2004	4	18,819	13,544
2005	1	18,704	13,407
2005	2	18,843	13,837
2005	3	18,408	13,596
2005	4	17,139	12,860
2006	1	17,746	12,733
2006	2	17,419	12,927
2006	3	17,071	12,714
2006	4	16,596	12,231
2007	1	17,006	12,311
2007	2	17,511	12,904
2007	3	16,410	12,394
2007	4	15,867	11,950
2008	1	16,308	11,675
2008	2	17,005	12,367
2008	3	16,413	11,881
2008	4	15,861	11,479
2009	1	15,719	11,492
2009	2	16,330	12,112
2009	3	16,075	11,884
2009	4	15,283	11,087
2010	1	15,374	10,815
2010	2	15,521	11,482
2010	3	15,355	11,053
2010	4	14,628	10,492
2011 (projected)	1	14,698	10,342
2011 (projected)	2	14,871	10,700
2011 (projected)	3	14,533	10,549
2011 (projected)	4	14,114	10,239
2012 (projected)	1	14,257	10,060
2012 (projected)	2	14,374	10,284
2012 (projected)	3	14,014	10,064
2012 (projected)	4	13,588	9,796
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Total Hospital Cost

Key Findings:

• The average hospital cost for discharges with CEA increased over time, from about $9,000 in 2001 to $12,000 in 2010. This increasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with the average hospital cost projected to be about $13,500 at the end of 2012.
• The average hospital cost was similar for the two older age groups, increasing from about $9,000 in 2001 to $12,000 in 2010. The average hospital cost for adults ages 18 to 44 was not included due to the small number of discharges among this age group (about 125 per quarter).
• The average hospital cost was similar for males and females, increasing from about $9,000 in 2001 to $12,000 in 2010.
• Using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) price index, a cost of $9,000 in 2001 would be equivalent to a cost of $11,000 in 2010. The average hospital cost through 2010 remained relatively consistent with the cost expected by inflation alone.

Average Total Hospital Cost for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	$8,806	$9,028	$8,853	$9,074
2002	$9,128	$9,128	$9,376	$9,861
2003	$9,472	$9,574	$9,523	$9,737
2004	$9,739	$9,488	$9,656	$9,811
2005	$9,973	$9,831	$9,912	$10,238
2006	$10,257	$10,281	$10,330	$10,696
2007	$10,263	$10,328	$10,405	$10,803
2008	$10,932	$10,988	$11,037	$11,457
2009	$11,169	$11,100	$11,094	$11,467
2010	$12,039	$11,877	$11,936	$12,443
2011 (projected)	$12,414	$12,439	$12,564	$12,767
2012 (projected)	$12,836	$12,890	$13,040	$13,261
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	$8,838	$8,485	$8,912
2001	2	$9,785	$8,532	$9,174
2001	3	$8,868	$8,571	$8,918
2001	4	$10,489	$8,869	$9,131
2002	1	$10,588	$8,962	$9,171
2002	2	$11,356	$8,958	$9,189
2002	3	$13,897	$9,093	$9,433
2002	4	$11,853	$9,367	$9,989
2003	1	$8,770	$9,215	$9,548
2003	2	$10,988	$9,371	$9,624
2003	3	$9,269	$9,403	$9,555
2003	4	$15,804	$9,587	$9,769
2004	1	$15,897	$9,733	$9,746
2004	2	$11,209	$9,244	$9,567
2004	3	$10,024	$9,465	$9,705
2004	4	$11,465	$9,442	$9,926
2005	1	$10,465	$9,536	$10,105
2005	2	$9,638	$9,915	$9,801
2005	3	$10,844	$9,534	$10,015
2005	4	$10,877	$9,830	$10,380
2006	1	$11,102	$10,634	$10,145
2006	2	$12,198	$10,378	$10,258
2006	3	$16,578	$10,441	$10,296
2006	4	$14,242	$10,788	$10,650
2007	1	$14,803	$10,370	$10,235
2007	2	$17,750	$10,451	$10,262
2007	3	$10,850	$10,512	$10,365
2007	4	$14,699	$10,703	$10,813
2008	1	$14,541	$11,207	$10,823
2008	2	$18,502	$11,131	$10,929
2008	3	$17,513	$11,169	$10,994
2008	4	$13,940	$11,792	$11,337
2009	1	$11,491	$11,368	$11,122
2009	2	$14,823	$11,456	$10,983
2009	3	$12,062	$11,440	$11,010
2009	4	$12,999	$11,648	$11,416
2010	1	$14,259	$12,298	$11,947
2010	2	$17,394	$11,995	$11,801
2010	3	$17,400	$12,574	$11,704
2010	4	$16,025	$12,781	$12,332
2011 (projected)	1	$16,525	$12,900	$12,197
2011 (projected)	2	$13,808	$13,258	$12,190
2011 (projected)	3	$12,967	$13,310	$12,304
2011 (projected)	4	$13,190	$13,552	$12,564
2012 (projected)	1	$13,148	$13,827	$12,572
2012 (projected)	2	$13,343	$13,898	$12,660
2012 (projected)	3	$13,110	$14,211	$12,776
2012 (projected)	4	$13,182	$14,440	$13,043
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Total Hospital Cost by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	$8,962	$8,583
2001	2	$9,112	$8,916
2001	3	$8,980	$8,675
2001	4	$9,153	$8,973
2002	1	$9,258	$8,944
2002	2	$9,212	$9,014
2002	3	$9,513	$9,191
2002	4	$9,896	$9,810
2003	1	$9,601	$9,302
2003	2	$9,747	$9,333
2003	3	$9,618	$9,399
2003	4	$9,855	$9,584
2004	1	$9,775	$9,699
2004	2	$9,606	$9,335
2004	3	$9,679	$9,627
2004	4	$9,975	$9,588
2005	1	$10,059	$9,864
2005	2	$9,999	$9,607
2005	3	$10,181	$9,545
2005	4	$10,393	$10,033
2006	1	$10,384	$10,080
2006	2	$10,434	$10,077
2006	3	$10,490	$10,140
2006	4	$10,866	$10,473
2007	1	$10,426	$10,033
2007	2	$10,518	$10,072
2007	3	$10,585	$10,182
2007	4	$10,856	$10,731
2008	1	$11,056	$10,774
2008	2	$11,168	$10,744
2008	3	$11,221	$10,790
2008	4	$11,665	$11,156
2009	1	$11,440	$10,800
2009	2	$11,236	$10,913
2009	3	$11,268	$10,857
2009	4	$11,688	$11,169
2010	1	$12,268	$11,711
2010	2	$12,037	$11,668
2010	3	$12,207	$11,559
2010	4	$12,682	$12,115
2011 (projected)	1	$12,490	$12,150
2011 (projected)	2	$12,633	$12,073
2011 (projected)	3	$12,746	$12,097
2011 (projected)	4	$12,919	$12,299
2012 (projected)	1	$12,959	$12,414
2012 (projected)	2	$13,063	$12,450
2012 (projected)	3	$13,196	$12,556
2012 (projected)	4	$13,393	$12,754
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Average Length of Stay

Key Findings:

• The length of stay for discharges with CEA decreased over time, from 3.6 days in 2001 to 3.0 days in 2010. This decreasing trend is projected to continue in 2011 and 2012, with length of stay projected to be 2.9 days in 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had a length of stay that was 0.5 days longer in 2001 than did adults ages 45 to 64. Adults age 65 and older had a length of stay of 3.7 days in 2001. Adults ages 45 to 64 had a length of stay of 3.2 days in 2001. However, this initial difference disappeared over time, with both of the older age groups having a length of stay of 3.0 days in 2010. The length of stay for adults ages 18 to 44 was not included due to the small number of discharges among this age group (about 125 per quarter).
• Length of stay was similar for males and females, decreasing from 3.6 days in 2001 to 3.0 days in 2010.

Average Length of Stay for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.4
2002	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.5
2003	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.3
2004	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.2
2005	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2
2006	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.2
2007	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1
2008	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1
2009	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9
2010	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0
2011 (projected)	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9
2012 (projected)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1	3.5	3.3	3.8
2001	2	3.9	3.2	3.8
2001	3	3.2	3.2	3.6
2001	4	4.1	3.1	3.5
2002	1	3.5	3.2	3.6
2002	2	4.2	3.1	3.6
2002	3	4.7	3.1	3.5
2002	4	3.4	3.1	3.6
2003	1	2.9	3.1	3.6
2003	2	3.6	3.1	3.5
2003	3	3.5	3.0	3.4
2003	4	3.5	3.1	3.4
2004	1	4.4	3.1	3.5
2004	2	4.1	2.9	3.4
2004	3	3.2	3.0	3.3
2004	4	3.7	2.9	3.3
2005	1	3.3	2.9	3.4
2005	2	2.9	3.1	3.3
2005	3	3.5	2.9	3.2
2005	4	3.1	2.8	3.3
2006	1	3.4	3.2	3.2
2006	2	4.8	3.0	3.2
2006	3	5.2	2.9	3.2
2006	4	4.6	3.0	3.2
2007	1	4.5	2.9	3.2
2007	2	4.4	3.0	3.1
2007	3	3.4	2.9	3.0
2007	4	5.5	2.9	3.2
2008	1	4.4	3.1	3.1
2008	2	3.6	3.0	3.1
2008	3	6.0	2.9	3.0
2008	4	3.5	3.0	3.1
2009	1	3.4	2.9	3.0
2009	2	4.2	2.9	3.0
2009	3	2.8	2.9	2.9
2009	4	3.1	2.8	3.0
2010	1	3.7	3.0	3.0
2010	2	4.7	2.9	3.0
2010	3	3.8	3.0	2.8
2010	4	4.1	3.0	3.0
2011 (projected)	1	4.6	3.0	2.9
2011 (projected)	2	3.5	3.0	2.9
2011 (projected)	3	3.4	3.0	2.9
2011 (projected)	4	3.6	3.0	2.9
2012 (projected)	1	3.6	3.0	2.9
2012 (projected)	2	3.3	3.0	2.9
2012 (projected)	3	3.5	3.0	2.9
2012 (projected)	4	3.5	3.0	2.9
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Average Length of Stay by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	3.6	3.7
2001	2	3.6	3.8
2001	3	3.4	3.6
2001	4	3.3	3.6
2002	1	3.5	3.6
2002	2	3.4	3.6
2002	3	3.4	3.5
2002	4	3.3	3.6
2003	1	3.4	3.6
2003	2	3.4	3.5
2003	3	3.2	3.4
2003	4	3.3	3.4
2004	1	3.3	3.6
2004	2	3.2	3.3
2004	3	3.2	3.4
2004	4	3.2	3.3
2005	1	3.3	3.4
2005	2	3.2	3.3
2005	3	3.1	3.2
2005	4	3.1	3.3
2006	1	3.1	3.3
2006	2	3.1	3.3
2006	3	3.1	3.2
2006	4	3.1	3.2
2007	1	3.1	3.2
2007	2	3.0	3.1
2007	3	3.0	3.1
2007	4	3.0	3.2
2008	1	3.0	3.2
2008	2	3.1	3.1
2008	3	3.0	3.0
2008	4	3.1	3.1
2009	1	3.0	3.0
2009	2	2.9	3.0
2009	3	2.9	2.9
2009	4	2.9	2.9
2010	1	3.0	3.1
2010	2	2.9	3.0
2010	3	2.9	2.9
2010	4	3.0	3.0
2011 (projected)	1	2.9	3.0
2011 (projected)	2	2.9	3.0
2011 (projected)	3	3.0	2.9
2011 (projected)	4	2.9	3.0
2012 (projected)	1	2.9	3.0
2012 (projected)	2	2.9	2.9
2012 (projected)	3	2.9	2.9
2012 (projected)	4	2.9	2.9
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

In-Hospital Mortality Rate

Key Findings:

• The mortality rate for discharges with CEA decreased over time, vacillating around 0.7 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 0.4 percent in 2010. The mortality rate is projected to remain at about this same level in 2011 and 2012.
• Adults age 65 and older had the highest mortality rate, at 0.8 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 0.4 percent in 2010. Adults ages 45 to 64 had the lowest mortality rate, at 0.5 percent in 2001 and decreasing to 0.3 percent in 2010. The mortality rate for adults ages 18 to 44 was not included due to the small number of discharges among this age group (about 125 per quarter).
• The mortality rate was similar for males and females, decreasing from 0.7 percent in 2001 to 0.4 percent in 2010.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate for All Adults

Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
2001	0.68	0.77	0.72	0.67
2002	0.83	0.72	0.76	0.72
2003	0.59	0.71	0.63	0.56
2004	0.62	0.65	0.59	0.69
2005	0.61	0.61	0.49	0.67
2006	0.58	0.48	0.50	0.47
2007	0.50	0.52	0.45	0.55
2008	0.43	0.45	0.48	0.54
2009	0.52	0.48	0.40	0.51
2010	0.46	0.40	0.36	0.40
2011 (projected)	0.36	0.41	0.37	0.35
2012 (projected)	0.38	0.37	0.35	0.35
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Age

Year	Quarter	Age 18-44	Age 45-64	Age 65+
2001	1		0.44	0.76
2001	2		0.44	0.86
2001	3		0.49	0.78
2001	4		0.51	0.72
2002	1		0.55	0.91
2002	2		0.40	0.82
2002	3		0.45	0.86
2002	4		0.37	0.83
2003	1		0.30	0.69
2003	2		0.31	0.84
2003	3		0.36	0.72
2003	4		0.49	0.59
2004	1		0.34	0.71
2004	2		0.34	0.74
2004	3		0.30	0.67
2004	4		0.39	0.80
2005	1		0.51	0.65
2005	2		0.37	0.67
2005	3		0.31	0.55
2005	4		0.33	0.78
2006	1		0.39	0.65
2006	2		0.34	0.52
2006	3		0.40	0.55
2006	4		0.38	0.50
2007	1		0.27	0.58
2007	2		0.30	0.59
2007	3		0.26	0.52
2007	4		0.33	0.62
2008	1		0.39	0.44
2008	2		0.35	0.48
2008	3		0.36	0.52
2008	4		0.51	0.56
2009	1		0.37	0.58
2009	2		0.34	0.51
2009	3		0.36	0.42
2009	4		0.36	0.56
2010	1		0.24	0.52
2010	2		0.37	0.41
2010	3		0.28	0.39
2010	4		0.33	0.42
2011 (projected)	1		0.24	0.40
2011 (projected)	2		0.22	0.47
2011 (projected)	3		0.23	0.36
2011 (projected)	4		0.11	0.35
2012 (projected)	1		0.11	0.37
2012 (projected)	2		0.11	0.40
2012 (projected)	3		0.11	0.37
2012 (projected)	4		0.11	0.36
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

In-Hospital Mortality Rate by Gender

Year	Quarter	Male	Female
2001	1	0.66	0.72
2001	2	0.77	0.76
2001	3	0.69	0.76
2001	4	0.72	0.61
2002	1	0.83	0.83
2002	2	0.67	0.79
2002	3	0.76	0.76
2002	4	0.69	0.76
2003	1	0.64	0.54
2003	2	0.70	0.74
2003	3	0.60	0.68
2003	4	0.60	0.52
2004	1	0.62	0.63
2004	2	0.63	0.68
2004	3	0.51	0.70
2004	4	0.77	0.60
2005	1	0.66	0.53
2005	2	0.68	0.51
2005	3	0.48	0.53
2005	4	0.67	0.67
2006	1	0.62	0.52
2006	2	0.50	0.44
2006	3	0.48	0.55
2006	4	0.46	0.49
2007	1	0.59	0.36
2007	2	0.59	0.42
2007	3	0.37	0.56
2007	4	0.53	0.59
2008	1	0.45	0.41
2008	2	0.48	0.39
2008	3	0.46	0.51
2008	4	0.61	0.45
2009	1	0.51	0.54
2009	2	0.48	0.48
2009	3	0.47	0.32
2009	4	0.57	0.45
2010	1	0.54	0.34
2010	2	0.34	0.48
2010	3	0.43	0.26
2010	4	0.46	0.33
2011 (projected)	1	0.33	0.22
2011 (projected)	2	0.36	0.29
2011 (projected)	3	0.34	0.25
2011 (projected)	4	0.32	0.24
2012 (projected)	1	0.31	0.34
2012 (projected)	2	0.33	0.45
2012 (projected)	3	0.32	0.50
2012 (projected)	4	0.32	0.52
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases.

Return to Introduction

Appendix I: HCUP Data Partners

Alaska State Hospital and Nursing Home Association	Nevada Department of Health and Human Services
Arizona Department of Health Services	New Hampshire Department of Health & Human Services
Arkansas Department of Health	New Jersey Department of Health
California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development	New Mexico Department of Health
Colorado Hospital Association	New York State Department of Health
Connecticut Hospital Association	North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services
Florida Agency for Health Care Administration	Ohio Hospital Association
Georgia Hospital Association	Oklahoma State Department of Health
Hawaii Health Information Corporation	Oregon Association of Hospitals and Health Systems
Illinois Department of Public Health	Oregon Health Policy and Research
Indiana Hospital Association	Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council
Iowa Hospital Association	Rhode Island Department of Health
Kansas Hospital Association	South Carolina State Budget & Control Board
Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services	South Dakota Association of Healthcare Organizations
Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals	Tennessee Hospital Association
Maine Health Data Organization	Texas Department of State Health Services
Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission	Utah Department of Health
Massachusetts Division of Health Care Finance and Policy	Vermont Association of Hospitals and Health Systems
Michigan Health & Hospital Association	Virginia Health Information
Minnesota Hospital Association	Washington State Department of Health
Mississippi Department of Health	West Virginia Health Care Authority
Missouri Hospital Industry Data Institute	Wisconsin Department of Health Services
Montana MHA - An Association of Montana Health Care Providers	Wyoming Hospital Association
Nebraska Hospital Association

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Appendix II: Definitions for Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Conditions and Procedures

This section includes the coding criteria used to identify adult discharges with cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions and procedures. Coding criteria is based on either International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes or the HCUP Clinical Classifications Software (CCS). CCS categorizes ICD-9-CM diagnoses and procedures into a manageable number of clinically meaningful categories⁵. This "clinical grouper" makes it easier to quickly understand patterns of diagnoses and procedures.

Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions are identified using the principal diagnosis which is the condition established to be chiefly responsible for the patient's admission to the hospital. Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular procedures may be reported as a principal or secondary procedure during the inpatient stay.

Outcomes of interest include the following:

• Discharge counts:
  
  Number of discharges that meet the cardiovascular/cerebrovascular coding criteria, excluding discharges transferred out to another acute care hospital



• Average total hospital cost:
  
  Total cost for discharges that meet the cardiovascular/cerebrovascular coding criteria, including transfers divided by Discharge counts (definition above)



• Average length of stay:
  
  Total days for discharges that meet the cardiovascular/cerebrovascular coding criteria, including transfers divided by Discharge counts (definition above)



• Mortality rate:
  
  Number of discharges that meet the cardiovascular/cerebrovascular coding criteria, with discharge disposition of died divided by Discharge counts (definition above)

Outcome of interest also reported by adult age group (18-44, 45-64, and 65 and above) and by gender.

Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Conditions

Coding criteria:

Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with a principal diagnosis in CCS 96 to 121 96 Heart valve disorders 97 Peri-; endo-; and myocarditis; cardiomyopathy 98 Essential hypertension 99 Hypertension with complications and secondary hypertension 100 Acute myocardial infarction 101 Coronary atherosclerosis and other heart disease 102 Nonspecific chest pain 103 Pulmonary heart disease 104 Other and ill-defined heart disease 105 Conduction disorders 106 Cardiac dysrhythmias 107 Cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation 108 Congestive heart failure; non-hypertensive 109 Acute cerebrovascular disease 110 Occlusion or stenosis of precerebral arteries 111 Other and ill-defined cerebrovascular disease 112 Transient cerebral ischemia 113 Late effects of cerebrovascular disease 114 Peripheral and visceral atherosclerosis 115 Aortic; peripheral; and visceral artery aneurysms 116 Aortic and peripheral arterial embolism or thrombosis 117 Other circulatory disease 118 Phlebitis; thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism 119 Varicose veins of lower extremity 120 Hemorrhoids 121 Other diseases of veins and lymphatics

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
Coding criteria:	Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with a principal diagnosis of CCS 100 Acute myocardial infarction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)/ Coronary Atherosclerosis
Coding criteria:	Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with a principal diagnosis of CCS 101 Coronary atherosclerosis and other heart disease

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Coding criteria:	Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with a principal diagnosis of CCS 108 Congestive heart failure; non-hypertensive

Stroke/Acute Cerebrovascular Disease
Coding criteria:	Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with a principal diagnosis of CCS 109 Acute cerebrovascular disease

Atrial Fibrillation
Coding criteria:	Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with an ICD-9-CM principal diagnosis of 427.31 Atrial fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation
Coding criteria:	Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with an ICD-9-CM principal diagnosis of 427.31 Atrial fibrillation

Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Conditions

Coding criteria:

Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with a principal or secondary procedure in CCS 43 to 63 43 Heart valve procedures 44 Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) 45 Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 46 Coronary thrombolysis 47 Diagnostic cardiac catheterization; coronary arteriography 48 Insertion; revision; replacement; removal of cardiac pacemaker or cardioverter/defibrillator 49 Other OR heart procedures 50 Extracorporeal circulation auxiliary to open heart procedures 51 Endarterectomy; vessel of head and neck 52 Aortic resection; replacement or anastomosis 53 Varicose vein stripping; lower limb 54 Other vascular catheterization; not heart 55 Peripheral vascular bypass 56 Other vascular bypass and shunt; not heart 57 Creation; revision and removal of arteriovenous fistula or vessel-to-vessel cannula for dialysis 58 Hemodialysis 59 Other OR procedures on vessels of head and neck 60 Embolectomy and endarterectomy of lower limbs 61 Other OR procedures on vessels other than head and neck 62 Other diagnostic cardiovascular procedures 63 Other non-OR therapeutic cardiovascular procedures

Atrial Fibrillation
Coding criteria:	Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with a principal or secondary procedure of CCS 44 Coronary artery bypass graft

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) without Stents

Coding criteria:

Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with a principal or secondary procedure of CCS 45 Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty excluding discharges with any one of the following ICD-9-CM procedure codes: 36.06 Insertion of non-drug-eluting coronary artery stent(s) 36.07 Insertion of drug-eluting coronary artery stent(s); code effective October 2002 00.45 Insertion of one vascular stent; code effective October 2005 00.46 Insertion of two vascular stents; code effective October 2005 00.47 Insertion of three vascular stents; code effective October 2005 00.48 Insertion of four or more vascular stents; code effective October 2005

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) with Stents
Coding criteria:	Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with a principal or secondary procedure of CCS 45 Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and one of the following ICD-9-CM procedure codes: 36.06 Insertion of non-drug-eluting coronary artery stent(s) 36.07 Insertion of drug-eluting coronary artery stent(s); code is effective as of October 2002

Aortic Resection
Coding criteria:	Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with a principal or secondary procedure of CCS 52 Aortic resection; replacement or anastomosis

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA)
Coding criteria:	Adult discharge (age 18 and older) with a principal or secondary ICD-9-CM procedure code 38.12 Endarterectomy, other vessels of head and neck

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Appendix III: Methods

This appendix describes the methods for projecting national outcomes of inpatient stays using the HCUP State Inpatient Databases (SID). The methodology leverages the breadth of States (up to 46) and longitudinal data (up to ten years) to improve the timeliness of estimates of inpatient statistics. The following factors make this initiative possible:

• the longitudinal nature of HCUP State databases
• the breadth of the databases across 46 States
• the capacity of our HCUP Partners to provide timely quarterly data
• the modeling expertise among HCUP staff, both Federal and contract
• the use of recently-released SAS Econometric Time Series® Software
• the automated assembly of analytic results into a streamlined, ready-to-deliver report using technology developed for another AHRQ product, the State Snapshots (developed in conjunction with the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports).

HCUP includes the largest collection of longitudinal hospital care data in the United States, with all-payer, encounter-level information beginning in 1988. The number of HCUP Partners has expanded over the years to include an ever-larger percentage of hospital discharges nationwide. In fact, the 2010 HCUP State Inpatient Databases (SID) encompass more than 97 percent of all U.S. community hospital discharges, made possible by the data collection efforts of State data organizations, hospital associations, private data organizations, and the Federal government. The list of statewide data organizations that contribute to HCUP databases is available in Appendix I. Although full-year administrative hospital data typically lag the current calendar year by nine to 15 months, some HCUP Partner organizations can now produce quarterly data files within four to six months following the close of a quarter. This "early" data is used to inform the projection models.

Discharges from the SID were limited to those from hospitals that were open during any part of each calendar year and were designated as community hospitals by the American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey of Hospitals, excluding rehabilitation hospitals. The definition of a community hospital was that used by the AHA: "all nonfederal short-term general and other specialty hospitals, excluding hospital units of institutions."

Projected outcomes include the following:

• Count of inpatient discharges
• Average total cost for inpatient stay
• Average length of stay
• In-hospital mortality rate.

Total hospital charges were converted to costs using HCUP cost-to-charge ratios based on hospital accounting reports from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).⁶ Costs reflect the actual expenses incurred in the production of hospital services, such as wages, supplies and utility costs, while charges represent the amount a hospital billed for the case. For each hospital, a hospital-wide cost-to-charge ratio is used. Hospital charges reflect the amount the hospital billed for the entire hospital stay and does not include professional (physician) fees. Inflation adjustments were not applied to the observed total cost. Projected total costs will estimate inflated charges. In HCUP, the length of stay counts nights spent in the hospital. If a patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, the length of stay is zero. Each outcome is projected for the measures specified in Appendix II: Definitions.

Projections were generated using the SAS Time Series Forecasting System™ (Version 9.2).⁷ Projections were calculated first by State and then weighted proportionally to the nine Census divisions and the nation. For each State, the software automatically selected from among 40 different time series models the model with the lowest mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for that State. The in-hospital mortality rate was considered to be a binomial rate taking values between zero and one. Consequently, the time series model fitted the trend in the logit(rate) = log[rate / (1 - rate)].⁸ The estimated logits were then transformed back to the rate scale and multiplied by 100 for the final projections. This ensured that the final projections could not go below zero or above 100.

National quarterly trends were calculated as a weighted average of the State-level quarterly trends within each division. Each State's weight was proportional to its total number of discharges (excluding newborns) as reported in the AHA Hospital Survey. These AHA-based weights were used throughout the period, 2001-2012. For 2011, we had early quarterly data for 10 States. The 2011 projections incorporated observed rates for these 10 States and incorporated rates estimated from time series models for the remaining States. For 2012, the projections were entirely based on rates estimated from time series models.

Table A summarizes the data available from States in each division and each State's percentage of its division's discharges. Rows highlighted in red represent States for which no data were available throughout the period. These missing States represent small percentages of the total division discharges except for the East South Central division, which is missing data from Alabama, constituting about 26% of discharges. The yellow cells in Table A indicate missing years of data for States that contributed to the projections. The green cells in Table A highlight States for which "early" 2011 data were incorporated into the projections. In the Middle Atlantic, Pacific, and West North Central divisions, States with early data represent more than half of the population in the division.

Table A. Available Data for Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Projections

		Calendar year											Total	Percent of 2010 Total Division Discharges
		2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
		Qtrs	Qtrs	Qtrs	Qtrs	Qtrs	Qtrs	Qtrs	Qtrs	Qtrs	Qtrs	Qtrs	Qtrs
Division	State
East North Central	IL	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	40	27.9
	IN	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	32	13.8
	MI	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	40	21.4
	OH	0	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	36	24.7
	WI	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	40	12.2
East South Central	AL	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25.7
	KY	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	2	42	23.6
	MS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	4	16.2
	TN	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	40	34.5
Middle Atlantic	NJ	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	43	21.3
	NY	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	1	41	47.9
	PA	4	4	4	0	0	0	0	4	4	4	0	24	30.7
Mountain	AZ	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	32	42	30.1
	CO	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	22.7
	ID	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7.0
	MT	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	4	0	8	4.4
	NM	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	4	0	8	9.0
	NV	0	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	36	11.8
	UT	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	12.7
	WY	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	4	4	4	0	16	2.4
New England	CT	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	24.5
	MA	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	45.5
	ME	4	4	4	0	0	4	4	4	4	0	0	28	9.2
	NH	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	0	28	9.2
	RI	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	7.3
	VT	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	4.3
Pacific	AK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	4	40	1.4
	CA	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	2	42	75.1
	HI	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	43	2.6
	OR	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	7.7
	WA	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	13.3
South Atlantic	AK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	1.0
	DE	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.5
	FL	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	31.6
	GA	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	43	16.7
	MD	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	9.5
	NC	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	15.8
	SC	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	7.7
	SC	4	4	4	4	0	4	4	4	4	4	2	38	13.2
	WV	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	3.0
West North Central	IA	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	40	14.9
	KS	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	40	13.9
	MN	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	43	25.9
	MO	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	43	29.3
	ND	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3.2
	NE	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	40	8.8
	SD	0	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	4.0
West South Central	AR	0	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	28	8.0
	LA	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	4	4	0	12	12.4
	OK	0	0	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	24	10.2
	TX	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	0	40	69.3

¹American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics - 2010 Update. Dallas, Texas: American Heart Association; 2010.
²Kochanek KD, Xu JQ, Murphy SL, Miniño AM, Kung HC. Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2009. National Vital Statistics Reports; vol 59 no 4. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2011.
³Wier LM (Thomson Reuters), Levit K (Thomson Reuters), Stranges E (Thomson Reuters), Ryan K (Thomson Reuters), Pfuntner A (Thomson Reuters), Vandivort R (SAMHSA), Santora P (SAMHSA), Owens P (AHRQ), Stocks C (AHRQ), Elixhauser A (AHRQ). HCUP Facts and Figures: Statistics on Hospital-based Care in the United States, 2008. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2010 (http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports.jsp).
⁴Department of Health and Human Services, press releases dated May 13, 2011 (http://wayback.archive-it.org/3926/20140108162204/http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2011pres/05/20110513c.html) and June 7, 2011 (http://wayback.archive-it.org/3926/20140108162147/http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2011pres/06/20110607a.html#).
⁵HCUP CCS. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). June 2009. U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/toolssoftware/ccs/ccs.jsp.
⁶HCUP Cost-to-Charge Ratio Files (CCR). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). 2001-2008. U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/state/costtocharge.jsp.
⁷Large-Scale Automatic Forecasting Using Inputs and Calendar Events. White Paper, SAS Institute Inc., 2009.
⁸Very rarely, an observed rate was equal to zero. In those cases, a rate of .0001 is substituted so that the logit would be defined and estimation could proceed.

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